A methodology to assess vessel berthing and speed optimization policies

Alvarez, J. Fernando; Longva, Tore; Engebrethsen, Erna S.

doi:10.1057/mel.2010.11

Cited by 69 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Several researchers have since assessed tradeoffs between vessel speed and fuel savings, with some studying emissions benefits. For instance, work by Alvarez et al (2010) attempts to optimize fuel and ship costs with regard to vessel speed and berth availability. Notteboom and Vernimme (2009) evaluate the effects of carrier service design (that is, speed, ports called and vessels) in response to increasing fuel prices.…”

Section: Ac a D E M I C R E S E A R C Hmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Slow steaming impacts on ocean carriers and shippers

2013

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A b s t r a c t Ocean container carriers have implemented slow steaming (reduced vesselspeeds) in recent years to improve fuel efficiency and lower greenhouse gas emissions. However, many shippers oppose the practice due to increased pipeline inventory associated with longer transit times. Given this conflict, this article seeks to quantify the costs and benefits of slow steaming relative to carriers and shippers. We simulate a high volume AsiaNorth America container trade lane to estimate slow steaming impacts under different vessel speeds, volumes and fuel prices. Under current conditions, the results justify slow steaming practices, revealing extra slow steaming as the most beneficial vessel speed with a 20 per cent reduction in total costs and a 43 per cent reduction in carbon dioxide emissions. Extra slow steaming is also optimal for future volumes and a wide range of fuel prices. Furthermore, the results detail carrier and shipper cost trade-offs, thus offering practical evidence and transparency to the industry on how to create financial equity in facilitating contractual-based agreements for vessel speed standards.

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Section: Ac a D E M I C R E S E A R C Hmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ocean transport contracts often refer to 'utmost dispatch', urging carriers to pursue speeds as fast as reasonably possible (Alvarez et al, 2010). In recent years however, 'slow steaming' (that is, slower vessel speeds) has become commonplace in order to improve vessel fuel efficiency (Cameron, 2010;Johnson, 2010a;Leach, 2010a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Slow steaming impacts on ocean carriers and shippers

2013

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“…Similarly, berthing policies, such as first-come-first-serve policies that encourage vessels to speed up also reflect the rigid contractual legal framework, which hampers emission reduction that could be achieved by simple measures (Alvarez et al, 2010). Increased knowledge about vessel speeds response to changing market conditions is not only informative for the design of environmental regulation in shipping, but it also has implications for short term supply.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Missing in Action? Speed Optimization and Slow Steaming in Maritime Shipping

2015

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This paper analyzes the claim, made by both academics and by industry insiders, that vessels speed up under conditions of high freight rates and low bunker prices. The rationale for the claim is that a ship should move slowly when high bunker prices make energy cost savings great and when the low freight rates give little temptation to rush for the next transport job. The analysis is based on the theoretical model for speed optimization by Ronen (1982) applied to AIS 1 data on actual speeds of all VLCCs 2 leaving from the Persian Gulf to main destinations in Japan, South Korea, China from 2006 to 2012. We find some support for the theory, however with elasticities, both for freight rates and bunker prices, of smaller magnitude than expected. We also find that speed optimizing behaviour is much more pronounced on backhaul trips than on laden trips and that the speed on trips to Japan is almost completely insensitive to changes in freight rates and bunker prices. Our conclusion is that there is a potential for gains from more adoption of slow steaming. * We thank Siri Pettersen Strandenes, RoarÅdland for many and long discussions. Mario Guajardo, Inge Thorsen gave very valuable input after having discussed the paper at various conferences and workshops.Furthermore we would also like to thank Julia Schaumeier, Sophia Parker, Tristan Smith and Lucy Aldous from the UCL Energy Institute for their inputs and discussions. We are also grateful for funding from the Center for Sustainable Energy Studies (CenSES).

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“…Furthermore, Du et al [23] conducted the vessel emission (in sailing periods) calculation with the widely-used emission factors. Using policies and sailing speed optimization of vessels to improve harbor congestion and marine fuel consumption were addressed by Alvarez et al [25]. Aiming at the energy-saving of terminals, Chang et al [26] developed a MIP model for B&QCAP considering total energy consumption of all vessels.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Berth allocation and quay crane assignment in a container terminal for the trade-off between time-saving and energy-saving

2016

Advanced Engineering Informatics

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A methodology to assess vessel berthing and speed optimization policies

Cited by 69 publications

References 17 publications

Slow steaming impacts on ocean carriers and shippers

Slow steaming impacts on ocean carriers and shippers

Missing in Action? Speed Optimization and Slow Steaming in Maritime Shipping

Berth allocation and quay crane assignment in a container terminal for the trade-off between time-saving and energy-saving

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