Berth allocation and quay crane assignment in a container terminal for the trade-off between time-saving and energy-saving

Energy-Efficient and Integrated Allocation of Berths, Quay Cranes, and Internal Trucks in Container Terminals

“…The service level is considered through the minimization of the total delay in departure of the vessels. According to He [13], the minimization of the delayed departure of all vessels can also ensure that the energy consumption of activated QCs is minimized. This is because the shorter the delay in departure of all vessels is, the less the unproductive time of the QCs is, which can consequently improve the QCs' energy consumption.…”

“…Although this can reduce idle-mode energy consumption, this can cause more energy consumption on the part of ITs if the assigned berths are far from the dedicated yard areas for containers from vessels [12]. Therefore, recent literature has considered the tradeoff between energy-saving objectives and time-saving objectives when making plans for vessel handling operations [13].…”

“…Energy-saving objectives are often implemented by adapting green practices and policies to reduce carbon dioxide emissions [3]. Few studies have addressed the BACAP while considering energy savings to be a part of objective functioning [11,13,18,19]. These studies have aimed to create effective handling plans that achieve a good service level (minimization of the total delay in departure for vessels) as well as energy savings (minimization of energy consumption) in the operations of vessels and QCs.…”

“…This is because minimizing the total departure delays of all vessels can lead to minimizing the unproductive times of QCs, resulting in improving QCs' energy consumption. Other studies have considered the energy consumption of QCs through the minimization of the number of QCs assigned to the vessels [13,19]. In order to minimize vessel fuel consumption while at port, relevant studies on BACAP have followed an emissions mitigation strategy that requires minimizing vessel waiting times [11].…”

Joint Configuration and Scheduling Optimization of a Dual-Trolley Quay Crane and Automatic Guided Vehicles with Consideration of Vessel Stability

“…For example, Chang [3] proposed and verified an investigation about the scheduling strategy of berth and quay crane through a case analysis. He [4] developed a mixed integer model of berth allocation and quay crane allocation with the goal of minimizing the delay of ships and energy consumption of operations, and solved the model using the integrated simulation algorithm. Some researchers studied the scheduling of QC under a known berth plan, with the goal of minimizing makespan among all ships.…”