A methodology for analysis of 002 lattice fringe images and its application to combustion-derived carbons

Investigation on Particulate Oxidation from a DI Diesel Engine Fueled with Three Fuels

“…Three parameters, namely fringe length (L a ), separation distance (D s ), and tortuosity (T f ), of the carbon lamellae can be used to describe the nanostructure of the primary particles (Vander Wal 2005). Details on the calculation of the three parameters can be found in Vander Wal (2005) and Shim et al (2000).…”

A multi-method study of the transformation of the carbonaceous skeleton of a polymer-based nanoporous carbon along the activation pathway

“…This work clearly shows that the nature of the change in extent of order in the skeleton with conversion is dependent on the char and the conditions it experiences: most of the studies demonstrated an increase in extent of order with conversion [28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36], but others also saw a decrease [28,35] or no change at all [34,35]. The more recent work of Feng et al [22], however, raises the prospect that conclusions drawn from this prior work may be open to question if based solely on XRD analysis.…”

“…Further understanding of the change in the carbonaceous skeleton under oxidative conditions has come from some of the work focused on elucidating the underlying causes of char reactivity variation during coal gasification and combustion [28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36]. This work clearly shows that the nature of the change in extent of order in the skeleton with conversion is dependent on the char and the conditions it experiences: most of the studies demonstrated an increase in extent of order with conversion [28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36], but others also saw a decrease [28,35] or no change at all [34,35].…”

“…Even if these operations were perfect, however, it does not provide a capacity to determine an absolute fraction of, for example, ordered and disordered material as the nature of the areas of a micrograph that contain no fringes is unknown -they could be solid that is simply not visible under the imaging conditions or true voids [34]. TEM images suitable for quantitative analysis also, of course, run the risk of being less than representative of the bulk material because they are only a few 10s of nm in size and limited to very thin regions of material [44].…”

An image-guided atomistic reconstruction of pyrolytic carbons

“…These images actually carry most of the information on the extension and stacking properties of graphene sheets in the materials: the HT pyC shows more extended and flatter fringes than the AP one. Although the information provided by this technique is mainly qualitative, recent developments in image analysis methods allow a finer description of the nanotexture to be drawn [8][9][10] . In this letter we propose a new atomistic reconstruction strategy based on (i) the statistical analysis of HRTEM images, (ii) the synthesis of 3D HRTEM-like images and (iii) a simulated annealing simulation guided by the former 3D images.…”