A Methodological Approach for Assessing the Safety of Historic Buildings’ Façades

Ruggiero, Giovanni Maria; Marmo, Rossella; Nicolella, Maurizio

doi:10.3390/su13052812

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…There are different forms of representation proposed for the damage maps as a record of the level of commitment of the constructive elements and the functionality of the buildings [41,42]. However, the most common maps used present insufficient information, compromising an efficient understanding of the degradation condition of the element under analysis.…”

Section: Model Façade and Standard Mapsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping the Risk of Occurrence of Defects in Façades with Ceramic Claddings

et al. 2023

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When a building façade does not meet its performance requirements, the integrity and safety of the structure may be compromised, resulting in the reduction of the building’s service life. Ceramic tiles are a commonly applied cladding solution due to their aesthetic value and durability. However, as soon as ceramic claddings are installed, the claddings are subjected to various degradation agents, thus starting a degradation process in which different anomalies occur sequentially and simultaneously over the years. This study intends to find patterns of incidence of anomalies in distinct areas of the façade and to map the risk of occurrence of a given anomaly. For that purpose, 345 ceramic claddings are analysed (46 buildings, corresponding to 81,500 m2) in the region of Brasília, Brazil. Four main defects are identified based on visual inspections and using auxiliary diagnosis techniques, namely (i) detachment of ceramic tiles; (ii) cracking; (iii) grout failure; (iv) efflorescence. The results reveal that the detachment is the most frequent defect. The sensitivity maps proposed allow identifying a certain pattern in the occurrence of defects on ceramic claddings, revealing that continuous walls, transition between floors, and the top of the building are areas critically vulnerable to defects. The results obtained allow mapping the sensitivity of each part of the ceramic claddings to a given defect, aiding the detection and diagnosis of the degradation condition when carrying out inspections on new façades.

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Section: Model Façade and Standard Mapsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping the Risk of Occurrence of Defects in Façades with Ceramic Claddings

et al. 2023

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“…Therefore, it is important to conserve building façades with the objective of prolonging their lives and preserving their value through constant maintenance. A proper diagnosis of the structure and the façade through a visual inspection can result in efficient planning in the maintenance process which, in turn, contributes to the culture and heritage of the city while ensuring the safety of its people [13].…”

Section: Façade Maintenancementioning

confidence: 99%

Calibration of UAV Flight Parameters to Inspect the Deterioration of Heritage Façades Using Orthogonal Arrays

et al. 2022

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Heritage façades are relevant to the historical preservation and identity of a city. Their deterioration can cause the devaluation of the urban environment, together with accidents caused by possible detachment of their different elements; therefore, maintaining them is crucial. It is important to have early warning systems in place, systems which would indicate potential damage and deterioration of such façades, which can be caused by factors such as humidity, earthquakes, the passage of time, or even people. This is often done through visual inspection; however, visual inspection is often affected by external factors, such as the financing of the on-site inspection and the availability of experts. Unmanned aircraft vehicles (UAVs) are a practical and economical tool that has facilitated and improved imaging by regulating parameters such as camera angle, capture distance and image overlap, thus allowing improvements in photogrammetry techniques for virtual reconstruction processes. Although the implementation of this technology has been studied in recent years, research has focused primarily on horizontal structures, such as roads. In the case of vertical structures, flight parameters are traditionally defined by trial and error, without any methodological procedure. Therefore, this paper proposes a methodology to calibrate UAV flight parameters to build a photogrammetric 3D model of a vertical structure. This proposal is based on the development of a series of experiments configured through Taguchi orthogonal arrays, which is a method that significantly reduces the number of experiments required. This methodology is applied to a case study of a façade with architectural heritage features. The results obtained offer a flight plan and the optimal parameters to achieve efficiency in the capture of images in an inspection of heritage façades, thus achieving the optimisation of resources and time.

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“…One of the most significant challenges for sustainable development and cultural heritage protection is keeping historical buildings in the best possible condition [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]. Well-preserved cultural heritage is essential, not only from a historical point of view, but because it also decides the city’s attractiveness and influences the life and safety of its habitants [ 4 , 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Use of NDT Diagnostic Methods and Calculations in Assessing the Masonry Tower Crowned with the Steel Dome

et al. 2022

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Non-destructive testing (NDT) methods are a diagnostic tool for evaluating the risk of failure or the need for repair and renovation. In analyzing constructions of high historical value, destructive diagnostic methods should be avoided. This study is a comprehensive NDT investigation of the masonry tower topped with a steel dome, a remnant of the overhead telecommunications network from the end of the 19th century. Visual inspection and research made it possible to assess the degree of damage to the structure. Stress–strain state analysis showed the sufficient load-bearing capacity of the steel dome. In addition, calculations have shown that the masonry tower is subjected to significant horizontal forces causing structure cracks.

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A Methodological Approach for Assessing the Safety of Historic Buildings’ Façades

Cited by 11 publications

References 22 publications

Mapping the Risk of Occurrence of Defects in Façades with Ceramic Claddings

Mapping the Risk of Occurrence of Defects in Façades with Ceramic Claddings

Calibration of UAV Flight Parameters to Inspect the Deterioration of Heritage Façades Using Orthogonal Arrays

The Use of NDT Diagnostic Methods and Calculations in Assessing the Masonry Tower Crowned with the Steel Dome

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