A method to evaluate hydraulic fracture using proppant detection

Liu, Juntao; Zhang, Feng; Gardner, R.P.; Hou, Guiting; Quan-ying, Zhang; Li, Hu

doi:10.1016/j.apradiso.2015.08.003

Cited by 16 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 9 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…However, the thinnest fracture width of 1 mm is actually, nearly the one produced by the hydraulic fracturing process in Vaca Muerta (Ortiz et al, 2016). The results are in agreement with previous reported values under similar conditions in a limestone formation (Zhang and Smith, 2017;Liu et al, 2015;Smith et al, 2013). The addition of gadolinium oxide into a bauxitic ceramic proppant was previously determined to be in a range from 0.025 % to 1 % by weight of the proppant (Smith et al, 2012).…”

Section: A C C E P T E D Accepted Manuscriptsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Up to date there is only one treaceble proppant (ceramic) available in the market which uses gadolinium oxide. The technology has been successfully employed over 200 vertical wells in field operations (Duenckel et al, 2011;Torres et al, 2012;Smith et al, 2013;Han et al, 2014;Saldungaray et al, 2014;Duenckel et al, 2014;Liu et al, 2015;Ortiz et al, 2016;Zhang and Smith, 2017;Zhang et al, 2018;Oliveria Neto and Yakovlev, 2017). Recently, a feasibility study of locating and evaluating hydraulic fractures in horizontal wells using Gd-based ceramic proppants have been published (Zhang et al, 2018).…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Detectability of smart proppants traced with gadolinium and samarium in the Vaca Muerta formation

Herrera

Ortíz²,

Hryb³

et al. 2019

Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Section: A C C E P T E D Accepted Manuscriptsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detectability of smart proppants traced with gadolinium and samarium in the Vaca Muerta formation

Herrera

Ortíz²,

Hryb³

et al. 2019

Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The achieved values (see Fig. 11) ensures the detectability of proppants prepared with these content Gd 2 O 3 content [16,18].…”

Section: Macroscopic Neutron Capture Section (σ) Of the Studied Matermentioning

confidence: 68%

“…After-fracture signals are often compared to the corresponding before-fracture signals, showing the presence (or absence) of the traceable material. Up to date there is only one traceable proppant (ceramic) available in the market which uses gadolinium oxide [17,18]. The technology has been successfully employed over 200 vertical wells in field operations in the last decade [7][8][9][16][17][18][19][20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…are preferably used in petrophysics, multiplying 1000 times ∑. This can be estimated from the composition density information of the materials [16,18], and (qualitatively) illustrates the detectability of the proppants. Although commercial ceramic proppants, CarboNRT ® , use up to 0.4 wt.% of gadolinium oxide addition in their composition, higher concentrated proppants (ultra detectable) could be easily blended with non-tagged proppants in order to achieve adequate detectable mixtures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

High macroscopic neutron capture cross section ceramics based on bauxite and Gd2O3

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The effect of the addition of Gadolinium oxide (Gd2O3) up to 10 wt.% in bauxite was studied and its thermal behavior compared with pure bauxite. The incorporation of Gd2O3 is of technological interest for the design of smart traceable ceramic proppants used for unconventional gas and oil well stimulation. These high macroscopic neutron capture cross section proppants are used to obtain relevant information, such as the location and height of the created hydraulic fractures, through a neutron based detection technology. The study comprised a set of thermal and sintering behavior analyses up to 1500 ?C of mixtures up to 10 wt.% addition of Gd2O3. The developed texture and microstructure was also assessed. A simple mechanical characterization was performed as well. Fully-dense pore-free microstructures were developed, with alumina and mullite as the main crystalline phases. Gadolinium secondary and ternary alumino-silicate phases were also observed after thermal treatment. These present a needle morphology that might result in reinforcement mechanisms. No important glassy phase was detected; although sintering was enhanced, the Gd2O3 oxide main role was found to be as a sintering aid rather than a strict flux agent. The mechanical behavior remained fragile with the rare oxide addition. In fact, the mechanical resistance increased up to 20 wt.% for the 10 wt.% added sample. The oxide addition together with the bauxite dehydroxilation mass loss resulted in materials with up to 1.5 x 105 (c.u.) macroscopic neutron capture cross section materials. The obtained results permit to define design strategies of high macroscopic neutron capture ceramic materials for wellbore and developed fractures description.

show abstract

A method for improving the evaluation of elemental concentrations measured by geochemical well logging

Liu

Zhang

et al. 2018

J Radioanal Nucl Chem

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A method to evaluate hydraulic fracture using proppant detection

Cited by 16 publications

References 9 publications

Detectability of smart proppants traced with gadolinium and samarium in the Vaca Muerta formation

Detectability of smart proppants traced with gadolinium and samarium in the Vaca Muerta formation

High macroscopic neutron capture cross section ceramics based on bauxite and Gd2O3

A method for improving the evaluation of elemental concentrations measured by geochemical well logging

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About