A method of assessing female breast morphometry and its clinical application

Brown, Tim; Ringrose, C. A. Douglas; Hyland, Rebecca; Cole, Ashley; Brotherston, T. M.

doi:10.1054/bjps.1999.3110

Cited by 117 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The origins of physical anthropometry can be found on reports of the travels of Marco Polo (1273-1295), in which Direct anthropometry allows the quantification of differences in the breast using predetermined reference points for linear and angular measurements, for example, with the use of a ruler, tape measure, protractor and calipers [11][12][13][14][15] . Direct measurements in the thoracic region may be of relative accuracy due to the contour of the body (i.e., curves, prominences and depressions) and movements of the thoracic wall during breathing, which may vary in the same individual at different moments 7,14 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Image analysis software versus direct anthropometry for breast measurements

et al. 2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

PURPOSE:To compare breast measurements performed using the software packages ImageTool METHODS:Points were marked on the breasts and arms of 40 volunteer women aged between 18 and 60 years. When connecting the points, seven linear segments and one angular measurement on each half of the body, and one medial segment common to both body halves were defined. The volunteers were photographed in a standardized manner. Photogrammetric measurements were performed by three independent observers using the three software packages and compared to direct anthropometric measurements made with calipers and a protractor. RESULTS:Measurements obtained with AutoCAD ® were the most reproducible and those made with ImageTool ® were the most similar to direct anthropometry, while measurements with Adobe Photoshop ® showed the largest differences. Except for angular measurements, significant differences were found between measurements of line segments made using the three software packages and those obtained by direct anthropometry. CONCLUSION:

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Image analysis software versus direct anthropometry for breast measurements

et al. 2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Ageing is cited to influence the volume, density and constitution of the breast tissue (Tonkelaar et al 2004). A combination of glandular atrophy, increased skin laxity and weakened breast ligaments (known as Cooper's ligaments) causes an inferior lateral migration of the breast (Brown et al 1999). These anatomical changes alter the size, shape and internal support of the breast and occur in relation to the hormonal changes seen due to ageing and the menopause (Rosen 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of ageing on bra preferences and self-perception of breasts among mature women

et al. 2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The ageing process has both psychological and physiological effects on women, and tactical choices are often made regarding beauty interventions to mask the outward signs of increasing age. The bra is believed to counteract the negative effects of ageing on the breast and alter the perceptions of one's body. Due to the profound anatomical changes to the breast with increasing age, this paper aimed to examine the influence of ageing on women's perceptions of their breasts and their bra preferences. 208 women aged 45-65 years were surveyed about their breasts, their bras and how they felt ageing may have influenced these. The findings showed 80 % of women surveyed had noticed a significant change in their breasts with ageing, just 7 % of the women surveyed were still proud of their breasts and 84 % of women dressed to look younger. Further, over 50 % of respondents would now not wear the bra they had worn in their twenties, indicating a change in bra preferences with age. The bra variables of primary importance to participants were: comfort, the bra's ability to stay in place, optimal fit, appearance under clothing, support, discreetness, shoulder strap design, silhouette, breast shape, fabric and breast lift. These variables are perceived as being influential in the appropriateness of the bra and its social role for mature women; therefore, it is these bra variables that should be the focus of subsequent research regarding the optimisation of bras for women aged 45-65 years.

show abstract

“…Comme reporté dans la littérature, les mesures typiques de l'industrie de lingerie telles que le tour de dessus et de dessous de poitrine restent insuffisantes pour une modélisation correcte et réaliste de la forme des poitrines. Brown et al (1999) ont identifié 12 repères anatomiques clés pour des sujets en position assise. Vandeput et Nelissen (2002) en ont seulement utilisés 6 alors que Sigurdson et Kirkland (2006) ont introduit 11 mesures anthropomorphes pour déterminer le volume des seins pour des personnes en position debout.…”

Section: Variation Du Bonnetunclassified