A method for the treatment of black tea waste: Converting it into liquid mulching film and solid mulching film

Abstract

This work was aim to prepare biodegradable mulching film from biomass materials to reduce the environmental pollution caused by plastics. Black tea waste was divided into two parts and combined with degradable materials such as polyvinyl alcohol and cellulose to prepare two degradable mulching films: liquid mulching film (LMF) and solid mulching film (SMF). The optimum formula was developed after studying the effects of various components of degradable mulching film on mechanical properties in both dry and wet circumstances. The properties of LMF and SMF were characterized and tested by scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), light transmittance test, contact angle test, water resistance test, artificial accelerated aging test, and degradation performance test. The results demonstrated that LMF and SMF had good mechanical properties, resistance to ultraviolet light, water resistance, aging resistance, and biodegradation. Using tea waste to prepare mulching film material has the advantages of no pollution, easy biodegradation, and good biocompatibility.

Mulching as a restoration method of revegetation at ash and slag dumps of Burshtyn TPP

“…W. Sun et al (2022) studied the production of biodegradable mulching film from biomass materials to reduce environmental pollution caused by plastic. Thus, the results of the study indicate that the liquid mulch film and solid mulch film showed high mechanical properties, UV resistance, water resistance, ageing resistance and biodegradation.…”

Numerical simulation and experiment of the emergence of young potato sprouts through soil‐covered plastic mulching

“…Of the many constitutive soil models available in LS‐DYNA, the elastoplastic soil model was chosen, as well as the 147 material MAT_FHWA_SOIL. The Drucker‐Prager yield criterion was added to the Mohr‐Coulomb yield criterion because it describes the soil behavior more realistically and avoids the singularity of the Mohr‐Coulomb yield criterion from affecting the convergence (Sun., 2014). The unmodified or standard Mohr‐Coulomb yield criterion is described by Equation () (Guo et al., 2006): $$$$\begin{equation} F=-P\sin \phi +K\left(\alpha \right)\sqrt{{J}_{2}}-C\cos \phi =0 \end{equation}$$$$where P is pressure in Pascal, ϕ is soil internal‐friction angle in radians, J 2 is the second invariant of skew part of the stress tensor, F is yield surface force, K ( α ) is tensor plane function angle, and C is the soil cohesion.…”

“…The compression failure of potato young stems can be roughly divided into the approximate elastic stage, yield stage, and deformation failure stage. It is difficult to measure the Poisson's ratio of potato stems because of their small size, high moisture content, and because they cannot reach the yield stage when unearthed (Sun, 2014). For the potato young stems, the same linear elastic material model MAT_ELASTIC has been adopted, with the numerical parameters as shown in Table 3 (Sun, 2014; Lai et al., 2018).…”

“…Prager yield criterion was added to the Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion because it describes the soil behavior more realistically and avoids the singularity of the Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion from affecting the convergence (Sun., 2014).…”

“…The parameters of plastic-film material were measured according to the standard GB/13022-91 test method for tensile properties of the plastic film and a constitutive model of plastic film materials was constructed, see Table 2 and Wang The compression failure of potato young stems can be roughly divided into the approximate elastic stage, yield stage, and deformation failure stage. It is difficult to measure the Poisson's ratio of potato stems because of their small size, high moisture content, and because they cannot reach the yield stage when unearthed (Sun, 2014). For the potato young stems, the same linear elastic material model MAT_ELASTIC has been adopted, with the numerical parameters as shown in Table 3 (Sun, 2014;Lai et al, 2018).…”