A method for the parameterization of cloud optical properties in bulk and bin microphysical models. Implications for arctic cloudy boundary layers

Harrington, Jerry Y.; Olsson, Peter Q.

doi:10.1016/s0169-8095(00)00068-5

Cited by 46 publications

(48 citation statements)

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“…Detailed cloud-resolving model studies suggest that modest increases in ice nuclei concentrations in Arctic mixedphase clouds can transform a largely liquid stratus deck of wide aerial coverage into a broken, optically thin cloud system (Harrington and Olsson, 2001;Harrington, et al, 1999;Jiang, et al, 2000;Morrison, et al, 2005;Prenni, et al, 2007). Based on observations from the Mixed-Phase Arctic Cloud Experiment (M-PACE); (Verlinde, et al, 2007) conducted on the north slope of Alaska in October 2004, (Fridlind, et al, 2007) concluded that observed concentrations of ice nuclei are insufficient by several orders of magnitude to explain observed ice, and that other mechanisms have to be invoked to explain ice formation in mixed-phase clouds.…”

Section: Clouds and Aerosolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Aerosol variations also appear to have a direct impact on the surface cloud radiative forcing through the liquid phase: recent work (Garrett, et al, 2004;Lubin and Vogelmann, 2006) suggested a longwave indirect effect of aerosol, in which higher droplet numbers and smaller droplet sizes increases the longwave emissivity of clouds. In addition to these aerosol effects, cloud liquid water content depends on cloud-scale dynamics, sea ice coverage and thickness, and large-scale atmospheric circulation patterns (Curry, et al, 1990;Curry, et al, 1996;Harrington and Olsson, 2001;Jiang, et al, 2000;Vavrus, 2004), all of which have strong seasonal dependence.…”

Section: Clouds and Aerosolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Arctic as a test case for an assessment of climate impacts on national security.

Taylor¹,

Zak²,

Backus³

et al. 2008

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The Arctic region is rapidly changing in a way that will affect the rest of the world. Parts of Alaska, western Canada, and Siberia are currently warming at twice the global rate. This warming trend is accelerating permafrost deterioration, coastal erosion, snow and ice loss, and other changes that are a direct consequence of climate change. Climatologists have long understood that changes in the Arctic would be faster and more intense than elsewhere on the planet, but the degree and speed of the changes were underestimated compared to recent observations. Policy makers have not yet had time to examine the latest evidence or appreciate the nature of the consequences. Thus, the abruptness and severity of an unfolding Arctic climate crisis has not been incorporated into longrange planning. The purpose of this report is to briefly review the physical basis for global climate change and Arctic amplification, summarize the ongoing observations, discuss the potential consequences, explain the need for an objective risk assessment, develop scenarios for future change, review existing modeling capabilities and the need for better regional models, and finally to make recommendations for Sandia's future role in preparing our leaders to deal with impacts of Arctic climate change on national security. Accurate and credible regional-scale climate models are still several years in the future, and those models are essential for estimating climate impacts around the globe. This study demonstrates how a scenario-based method may be used to give insights into climate impacts on a regional scale and possible mitigation. Because of our experience in the Arctic and widespread recognition of the Arctic's importance in the Earth climate system we chose the Arctic as a test case for an assessment of climate impacts on national security. Sandia can make a swift and significant contribution by applying modeling and simulation tools with internal collaborations as well as with outside organizations. Because changes in the Arctic environment are happening so rapidly, a successful program will be one that can adapt very quickly to new information as it becomes available, and can provide decision makers with projections on the 1-5 year time scale over which the most disruptive, high-consequence changes are likely to occur. The greatest short-term impact would be to initiate exploratory simulations to discover new emergent and robust phenomena associated with one or more of the following changing systems: Arctic 4 hydrological cycle, sea ice extent, ocean and atmospheric circulation, permafrost deterioration, carbon mobilization, Greenland ice sheet stability, and coastal erosion. Sandia can also contribute to new technology solutions for improved observations in the Arctic, which is currently a data-sparse region. Sensitivity analyses have the potential to identify thresholds which would enable the collaborative development of "early warning" sensor systems to seek predicted phenomena that might be precursory to major, high-consequen...

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Section: Clouds and Aerosolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Clouds and Aerosolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Arctic as a test case for an assessment of climate impacts on national security.

Taylor¹,

Zak²,

Backus³

et al. 2008

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show abstract

“…Extensive spatial and temporal cloud coverage in the Arctic has a large impact on the radiative budget of the Arctic system (Curry et al 1996;Harrington and Olsson, 2001) with clouds having a cooling effect in the summer (up to -59 W m -2 ) and a warming effect (up to 20-30 W m -2 ) in winter (Walsh and Chapman 1998). Because of this strong cloud dependence, surface radiative fluxes are quite sensitive to perturbations in cloud properties and amount.…”

Section: North Slope Of Alaskamentioning

confidence: 99%

Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program Science Plan. Current Status and Future Directions of the ARM Science Program

Ackerman¹,

Genio²,

Ellingson³

et al. 2004

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“…Other studies in laboratory and field experiments suggest that the freezing nucleation dominates over the deposition nucleation (e.g., Ansmann et al 2009;Field et al 2006). Finally, some studies have shown that deposition ice nucleation is the dominant nucleation mode and that contact freezing is only a minor contributor in Arctic mixed-phase clouds (Harrington et al 1999;Harrington and Olsson 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Relative importance of acid coating on ice nuclei in the deposition and contact modes for wintertime Arctic clouds and radiation

Girard

Asl

2013

Meteorol Atmos Phys

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Aerosols emitted from volcanic activities and polluted mid-latitudes regions are efficiently transported over the Arctic during winter by the large-scale atmospheric circulation. These aerosols are highly acidic. The acid coating on ice nuclei, which are present among these aerosols, alters their ability to nucleate ice crystals. In this research, the effect of acid coating on deposition and contact ice nuclei on the Arctic cloud and radiation is evaluated for January 2007 using a regional climate model. Results show that the suppression of contact freezing by acid coating on ice nuclei leads to small changes of the cloud microstructure and has no significant effect on the cloud radiative forcing (CRF) at the top of the atmosphere when compared with the effect of the alteration of deposition ice nucleation by acid coating on deposition ice nuclei. There is a negative feedback by which the suppression of contact freezing leads to an increase of the ice crystal nucleation rate by deposition ice nucleation. As a result, the suppression of contact freezing leads to an increase of the cloud ice crystal concentration. Changes in the cloud liquid and ice water contents remain small and the CRF is not significantly modified. The alteration of deposition ice nucleation by acid coating on ice nuclei is dominant over the alteration of contact freezing.

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A method for the parameterization of cloud optical properties in bulk and bin microphysical models. Implications for arctic cloudy boundary layers

Cited by 46 publications

References 50 publications

The Arctic as a test case for an assessment of climate impacts on national security.

The Arctic as a test case for an assessment of climate impacts on national security.

Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program Science Plan. Current Status and Future Directions of the ARM Science Program

Relative importance of acid coating on ice nuclei in the deposition and contact modes for wintertime Arctic clouds and radiation

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