A Method for the Growth of Leguminous Plants under Bacteriologically Controlled Conditions<sup>1</sup>

Hopkins, E. W.; Wilson, Paul W.; Fred, E. B.

doi:10.2134/agronj1931.00021962002300010005x

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…These authors concluded that Bacillus radiobacter (now classified as Agrobacteriurn radiobacterj was the most frequently encountered nodule contaminant. Wilson et al (12,20) have investigated the problems of culturing leguminous plants under conditions that exclude all microorganisms other than rhizobia. In their experiments seeds were surface sterilized, plants were cultured in sterile glass jars, and all manipulations were conducted in sterile inoculation chambers.…”

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Asymbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria from the surfaces of nodules and roots of legumes

Evans¹,

Campbell²,

Hill³

1972

Can. J. Microbiol.

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EVANS, H. J:, N. E. R. CAMPBELL, and S. HILL. 1972. Asymbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria from the surfaces of nodules and roots of legumes. Can. J. Microbiol. 18: 13-21. Facultative anaerobic asymbiotic N2-fixing bacteria have been identified consistently on the surfaces of roots and nodules of soybean plants cultured under laboratory and greenhouse conditions. An examination of a limited number of samples of alfalfa and clover plants from natural soils also has revealed similar types of bacteria. Most of the isolates investigated were members of the Klebsiella-Aerobacter group. Serological tests of 11 isolates indicated different degrees of relationship to Klebsiellapneumoniae. Rates of growth and N2 fixation in anaerobic cultures were markedly stimulated by a sterile extract of soybean nodules. Bacteria of the type identified on root surfaces of legumes were found often as contaminants of legume seeds and in most cases were not removed by surface sterilization treatments.EVANS, H. J., N. E. R. CAMPBELL et S. HILL. 1972. Asymbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria from the surfaces of nodules and roots of legumes. Can. J. Microbiol. 18: 13-21. Des bactkries facultatives anaerobies qui fixent l'azote asymbiotiquement ont kt6 constamment identifiees sur les surfaces des racines et des nodules des plantes de la five soja, lesquelles 6taient cultivkes sous des conditions de laboratoire et de serre. Un examen d'un nombre limite dY6chantillons de plantes de luzerne et de trbfle des sols naturels a aussi rdvelC des types semblables de bact6ries. La plupart des souches Ctudites sont membres du groupe Klebsiella-Aerobncter. Des tests s6rologiques sur 11 souches indiquent diffkrents degres de correlation avec Klebsiella pnelrmoniae. Les taux de croissance et de fixation de I'azote en cultures ana6robies sont grandement stirnu16 par unextrait sterile des nodules de la fbve soja. Les batteries des types identifiks sur les surfaces des racines des ICgumineuses sont souvent trouvCes comme contaminants des graines des 1Cgumineuses, et dans la plupart des cas elles ne sont pas enlevees par traitements de stkrilisation de la surface.The occurrence of bacteria other than rhizobia in and on the surfaces of legume roots and nodules has been reported by many investigators. Fred et al. (7) summarized pertinent literature from 1888 to 1928 in which 23 different investigations revealed several different bacterial contaminants in legume nodules. These authors concluded that Bacillus radiobacter (now classified as Agrobacteriurn radiobacterj was the most frequently encountered nodule contaminant. Wilson et al. (12,20) have investigated the problems of culturing leguminous plants under conditions that exclude all microorganisms other than rhizobia. In their experiments seeds were surface sterilized, plants were cultured in sterile glass jars, and all manipulations were conducted in sterile inoculation chambers. Despite these precautions an examination at harvest revealed that about 50% of the cultures contained 1Received March 26. 1971. z~h i s re...

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confidence: 99%

Asymbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria from the surfaces of nodules and roots of legumes

Evans¹,

Campbell²,

Hill³

1972

Can. J. Microbiol.

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“…(4) Nutrient solutions. Nitrogen-free Crone's solution (Hopkins et al 1931) was used for the most part, but in some experiments Hiltner's solution (Virtanen & v. Hausen, 1935) or that used by Thornton & Nicol (1934 a) was employed.…”

Section: Wisconsin Experiments Stationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…at Wisconsin, while wet sand was sterilized for only 4 hr. at Helsinki; sodium hypochlorite was employed for sterilization of seed at Wisconsin (Hopkins et al 1931); HgCl 2 was used at Helsinki (Virtanen et al 1937).…”

Section: Wisconsin Experiments Stationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The aseptic transfer of the seedlings of barley and pea for the " sterile " technique (Virtanen et al 1937) was made in the transfer chamber previously described (Hopkins et al 1931). In general, these experiments included some which were exact duplicates of those made in Helsinki except that American types of sand were used and the general environment, e.g.…”

Section: Wisconsin Experiments Stationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Excretion of nitrogen by leguminous plants

Wilson¹,

Burton²

1938

J. Agric. Sci.

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The literature which deals with the question of excretion of nitrogen by leguminous plants is reviewed especially with reference to accounts of experiments in which no excretion was obtained.Experiments made at the Wisconsin experiment station prior to 1936, primarily concerned with the associated growth of pea and oat mixtures, were uniformly negative with respect to benefit to the oat plants through the association.Experiments carried out at the Biochemical Institute in Helsinki, Finland, with a pea and barley mixture were in general positive, although poor development of the plants because of unfavourable weather were accompanied by little or no excretion.On duplicating the Helsinki experiments at Wisconsin, once more both positive and negative results were obtained, although the development of the plants was excellent.The occurrence of excretion appears to depend on many complicated circumstances some of which have been defined, while others are at present unknown. Factors which insure a uniform development of the plant cultures and especially a not too rapid growth of the leguminous plant appear to be important; as yet no universally successful method of achieving this type of development has been determined. It is concluded that although there can be no doubt with, regard to the existence of excretion, knowledge of the factors concerned is still insufficient to allow duplication of the results consistently at all experiment stations. Until such knowledge becomes available, application to practical agriculture can remain only an attractive possibility and not an established fact.

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Preliminary Experiment on the Cultivation of Baeria Chrysostoma Under Sterile Conditions

Loo

1946

American J of Botany

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A Method for the Growth of Leguminous Plants under Bacteriologically Controlled Conditions¹

Cited by 6 publications

References 2 publications

Asymbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria from the surfaces of nodules and roots of legumes

Asymbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria from the surfaces of nodules and roots of legumes

Excretion of nitrogen by leguminous plants

Preliminary Experiment on the Cultivation of Baeria Chrysostoma Under Sterile Conditions

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A Method for the Growth of Leguminous Plants under Bacteriologically Controlled Conditions1

Cited by 6 publications

References 2 publications

Asymbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria from the surfaces of nodules and roots of legumes

Asymbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria from the surfaces of nodules and roots of legumes

Excretion of nitrogen by leguminous plants

Preliminary Experiment on the Cultivation of Baeria Chrysostoma Under Sterile Conditions

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Product

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A Method for the Growth of Leguminous Plants under Bacteriologically Controlled Conditions¹