“…De Novo programming, which was effective for dealing with optimal design problems with unknown resource availability and seeking a portfolio of resource availability level to optimize multiple objective functions by allocating a budget according to the resource price, was an attractive technique in response to the above challenges (Zeleny, 1981(Zeleny, , 1986(Zeleny, , 1990. Previously, a number of research works based on the De Novo programming were applied to various system design cases Mendoza, 1988, 1990;Lee, 1990, 1993;Kim et al, 1993;Sasaki et al, 1995;Shi, 1995;Kotula, 1997;Zeleny, 2005;Chen and Hsieh, 2006;Zhang et al, 2009). For example, Bare and Mendoza (1988) employed De Novo programming to single and multi-objective forestry land management problems, where a number of constraints such as labor, picnic sites, and hiking trails were considered; the study system could be designed to perform in an ideal fashion within a constant budget level.…”