A method for scoring the risk of fungicide resistance in vineyards

Rossi, Vittorio; Caffi, Tito; Legler, Sara Elisabetta; Fedele, Giorgia

doi:10.1016/j.cropro.2020.105477

Cited by 8 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…It follows that the model has the potential to guide the scheduling of fungicide applications for the control of PCLS in vineyards ( Rossi et al, 2019 ). The practical use of the model should be confirmed by specific experiments that compare risk-based (model-based) application of fungicides with the usual calendar-based application of fungicides ( Rossi et al, 2019 , 2021 ). Experiments should also be conducted to find new ways to control PCLS; the ban of mancozeb in the EU and the increasing worldwide restrictions on the use of the broad-spectrum fungicides that are commonly used against PCLS represent new challenges in the management of the disease ( Topping et al, 2020 ; Duarte et al, 2021 ; Rossi et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The practical use of the model should be confirmed by specific experiments that compare risk-based (model-based) application of fungicides with the usual calendar-based application of fungicides ( Rossi et al, 2019 , 2021 ). Experiments should also be conducted to find new ways to control PCLS; the ban of mancozeb in the EU and the increasing worldwide restrictions on the use of the broad-spectrum fungicides that are commonly used against PCLS represent new challenges in the management of the disease ( Topping et al, 2020 ; Duarte et al, 2021 ; Rossi et al, 2021 ). QoI and DMI fungicides have been tested in only a few experiments, with inconsistent results, and almost no information exists about biological control agents ( Wilcox et al, 2015 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development and Validation of a Mechanistic Model That Predicts Infection by Diaporthe ampelina, the Causal Agent of Phomopsis Cane and Leaf Spot of Grapevines

et al. 2022

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Phomopsis cane and leaf spot (PCLS), known in Europe as “excoriose,” is an important fungal disease of grapevines caused by Diaporthe spp., and most often by Diaporthe ampelina (synonym Phomopsis viticola). PCLS is re-emerging worldwide, likely due to climate change, changes in the management of downy mildew from calendar- to risk-based criteria that eliminate early-season (unnecessary) sprays, and the progressive reduction in the application of broad-spectrum fungicides. In this study, a mechanistic model for D. ampelina infection was developed based on published information. The model accounts for the following processes: (i) overwintering and maturation of pycnidia on affected canes; (ii) dispersal of alpha conidia to shoots and leaves; (iii) infection; and (iv) onset of disease symptoms. The model uses weather and host phenology to predict infection periods and disease progress during the season. Model output was validated against 11 independent PCLS epidemics that occurred in Italy (4 vineyards in 2019 and 2020) and Montenegro (3 vineyards in 2020). The model accurately predicted PCLS disease progress, with a concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) = 0.925 between observed and predicted data. A ROC analysis (AUROC>0.7) confirmed the ability of the model to predict the infection periods leading to an increase in PCLS severity in the field, indicating that growers could use the model to perform risk-based fungicide applications.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Validation of a Mechanistic Model That Predicts Infection by Diaporthe ampelina, the Causal Agent of Phomopsis Cane and Leaf Spot of Grapevines

et al. 2022

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“…Mixed fungicides application is one of the key principles to reduce resistance [32]. Compared with single-site fungicides, the mixed fungicides are beneficial to reduce the risk of pathogen resistance owing to the multiple sites of action [33].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidences of Colletotrichum fructicola Causing Anthracnose on Passiflora edulis Sims in China

Fei

Long

et al. 2021

Pathogens

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Passion fruit (Passiflora edulis) is a tropical and subtropical plant that is widely cultivated in China due to its high nutritional value, unique flavor and medicinal properties. In August 2020, typical anthracnose symptoms with light brown and water-soaked lesions on Passiflora edulis Sims were observed, which result in severe economic losses. The incidence of this disease was approximately 30%. The pathogens from the infected fruit were isolated and purified by the method of tissue isolation. Morphological observations showed that the colony of isolate BXG-2 was gray to celadon and grew in concentric circles. The orange conidia appeared in the center after 14 days of incubation. The pathogenicity was verified by Koch’s postulates. The internal transcribed spacer (ITS), chitin synthase (CHS-1), actin (ACT), and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) were amplified by relevant PCR programs. The multi-gene (ITS, GAPDH, ACT, CHS-1) phylogeny analysis confirmed that isolate BXG-2 belongs to Colletotrichum fructicola. The inhibitory effect of six synthetic fungicides on the mycelial growth of the pathogen was investigated, among which difenoconazole 10% WG showed the best inhibitory effect against C. fructicola with an EC50 value of 0.5579 mg·L−1. This is the first report of anthracnose on Passiflora edulis Sims caused by Colletotrichum fructicola in China.

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“…solani populations. The factors considered are those that have been used in developing fungicide resistance risk assessments for other major crop diseases [ 15 , 16 , 19 ], and included field characteristics, fungicide chemistry, and application practices.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Farmers’ perceptions on tomato early blight, fungicide use factors and awareness of fungicide resistance: Insights from a field survey in Kenya

2023

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Early blight (EB) caused by Alternaria solani is one of the most devastating tomato diseases in Kenya and is most often managed by application of synthetic fungicides. However, there have been reports from farmers about the declining efficacy of some fungicides. These reports suggest that A. solani populations in Kenya could be developing resistance to some of the commonly used fungicides. In this study, we surveyed 175 tomato fields, sampled in 3 major tomato producing counties in Kenya, to determine the status of EB, management practices, and fungicide use factors that could contribute to development of resistance to fungicides among A. solani populations in Kenya. Data was recorded on farm characteristics, EB prevalence, fungicide usage, and farmers’ perceptions on fungicide efficacy. EB was prevalent in 85% of the fields and 90% of the farmers identified it as a major cause of yield loss. Tomato was grown all year round on 60% of the fields with only short fallow periods. All farmers reported that they were relying on fungicides for EB control and none among the cultivars grown was resistant to the disease. A total of 40 fungicide products, representing 20 active compounds with varying FRAC resistance risk levels were in use against EB. Majority (83%) of the farmers were applying fungicides at dosages and frequencies higher than those indicated on labels. Most farmers (81%) indicated that they had observed declines in effectiveness of at least one fungicide, used at EB control. This observation was more with fungicides in the strobilurin and triazole groups. These findings demonstrate that the current tomato production systems in Kenya do not take into account the risk of A. solani developing resistance to fungicides. Enhancing farmers’ knowledge of the disease and their ability to properly select and apply fungicides is therefore crucial for effective control of EB and mitigating the high risk of fungicide resistance build up.

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A method for scoring the risk of fungicide resistance in vineyards

Cited by 8 publications

References 20 publications

Development and Validation of a Mechanistic Model That Predicts Infection by Diaporthe ampelina, the Causal Agent of Phomopsis Cane and Leaf Spot of Grapevines

Development and Validation of a Mechanistic Model That Predicts Infection by Diaporthe ampelina, the Causal Agent of Phomopsis Cane and Leaf Spot of Grapevines

Evidences of Colletotrichum fructicola Causing Anthracnose on Passiflora edulis Sims in China

Farmers’ perceptions on tomato early blight, fungicide use factors and awareness of fungicide resistance: Insights from a field survey in Kenya

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