Evidences of Colletotrichum fructicola Causing Anthracnose on Passiflora edulis Sims in China

Li, Wenzhi; Fei, Ran; Long, Youhua; Mo, Feixu; Ran, Shu; Yin, Xiuxiu

doi:10.3390/pathogens11010006

Pathogens

2021

DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11010006

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Evidences of Colletotrichum fructicola Causing Anthracnose on Passiflora edulis Sims in China

Wenzhi Li

Ran Fei

Youhua Long

et al.

Abstract: Passion fruit (Passiflora edulis) is a tropical and subtropical plant that is widely cultivated in China due to its high nutritional value, unique flavor and medicinal properties. In August 2020, typical anthracnose symptoms with light brown and water-soaked lesions on Passiflora edulis Sims were observed, which result in severe economic losses. The incidence of this disease was approximately 30%. The pathogens from the infected fruit were isolated and purified by the method of tissue isolation. Morphological … Show more

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“…studies byHaack et al (2018) andLi et al (2022) have reported that two specific fungicides, namely, 10% difenoconazole WDG and 2.5% fludioxonil FS, exhibit notable control efficacy against the causal agent. These findings suggest that these fungicides hold promise for managing both Alternaria leaf spot and anthracnose on this emerging crop.…”

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Identification and fungicide sensitivity of Alternaria tenuissima causing leaf spot of Tetrapanax papyrifer newly reported in China

Tang,

Ban,

et al. 2023

Journal of Phytopathology

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Tetrapanax papyrifer, the rice‐paper plant, is an evergreen shrub and is traditionally used as a herbal medicine in China. In October 2021, a serious leaf spot disease was extensively observed on T. papyrifer in Guizhou, China. Given the limited information available about the aetiology of this disease, isolations were performed, the morphological characteristics and multi‐locus phylogenetic analysis of the fungus associated with the disease were described, and the pathogenicity tests and Koch's postulates were completed. To our knowledge, this is the first report of leaf spot on T. papyrifer caused by Alternaria tenuissima in China. Among 11 fungicides tested, 10% difenoconazole WDG had the best inhibition effect in vitro with EC50 values at 0.1 μg mL−1. This study provides new information for the identification and chemical control of Alternaria leaf spot of T. papyrifer.

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confidence: 99%

Identification and fungicide sensitivity of Alternaria tenuissima causing leaf spot of Tetrapanax papyrifer newly reported in China

Tang,

Ban,

et al. 2023

Journal of Phytopathology

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First report of Alternaria longipes causing kiwifruit leaf spot in China and screening of potentially fungicidal active substances

Chen,

Chen

et al. 2024

J Plant Dis Prot

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First Report of Colletotrichum fructicola Causing Anthracnose on Macadamia in China

Qiu

Xie

et al. 2023

Plant Disease

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Macadamia (Macadamia ternifolia Maiden and Betche) is an important commercial crop in the world and has the reputation of being the king of nuts (Liu et al. 2019). In August 2020, symptoms of anthracnose appeared on leaves of macadamia in Chongzuo, Guangxi Province, China, with an incidence of 15-20%. The disease developed from the edge of leaf. Initially, the disease symptoms on leaves were faded green spots, light yellow. After expanding and linking together, the leaves appeared brown or black irregular spots, and the edges of diseased leaves dried up and formed large necrosis, eventually leading to defoliation. A large number of orange-yellow spots (acervuli) developed on the diseased parts. Under high humidity conditions, the diseased part was grayish-brown or black, and a large number of yellowish-brown conidia were produced on the leaf surface (Fig.1 A-E). Ten symptomatic leaves were collected and washed with distilled water. Twelve lesion marginal tissues were sterilized with 75% ethanol (V/V) for 30 s and 1% NaOCl for 1min and rinsed with sterile distilled water, plated on potato dextrose agar (PDA) and incubated at 28°C under light. After 3 days, the incubated samples all produced similar cultural morphology. One isolate named GXMC2 as a representative was selected for following study. The colony by single-spore purification on PDA were grayish green with a white outer ring and cottony on surface, pale blackish green in reverse side (Fig.1 F). Conidia with oil droplets were solitary, cylindrical, transparent and measuring 13.78 to 19.25 μm (average 16.90 μm) × 5.14 to 7.33 μm (average 6.23 μm) (n=100) (Fig.1 G). Appressoria were brown to dark brown, with different shapes such as ovoid, elliptical or irregular, some with lobes. The average size was 7.89 to 13.25 μm (average 10.64 μm) × 5.76 to 9.02 μm (average 7.86 μm) (n=100) (Fig.1 H). No setae were found. The isolate was identified as Colletotrichum fructicola on the basis of the morphology of the colonies, conidia and appressoria (Park et al. 2018). The six target gene sequences, including internal transcribed spacer (ITS), β-tubulin (TUB), actin (ACT), histone3 (HIS3), chitin synthase A (CHS), and glyceraldehydes-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPHD) (Qiu et al. 2020), were selected for PCR amplification. The resulting sequences were deposited in GenBank under accession numbers MZ821661, MZ821660, MZ821662, MZ821663, MZ821664 and MZ821665 respectively. Phylogenetic analysis of the concatenated sequences were performed with MEGA 7.0 software. The isolate was grouped in the same clade as other C. fructicola (Fig.2). In May 2022, Inoculation was conducted in the field. Four-year-old macadamia leaves were disinfected with 75% alcohol. The conidial suspension was sprayed on 5 unwounded healthy leaves, and 5 leaves sprayed with sterile distilled water served as control. The experiment was replicated 3 times, with each replicate containing 5 leaves. The average daily temperature and average daily relative humidity in the field were 30°C and 62%, respectively. After 2 days, yellow-brown spots appeared on the inoculated leaves and expanded outward. After 4 days, the diseased areas were dark brown, and the controls remained asymptomatic. The same fungal pathogen was reisolated and purified from inoculated leaves and the identity was confirmed by morphological characterization and molecular analysis, confirming Koch’s postulates (Fig.1 I-J). In China, C. fructicola has been reported on Passiflora edulis Sims, Brassica parachinensis, Illicium verum, Peucedanum praeruptorum, etc. (Li et al. 2021; Yu et al. 2022; Zhao et al. 2021; Ma et al. 2020). To our knowledge, this is the first report of anthracnose of macadamia caused by C. fructicola in China. This study provides the basis for further research on this disease.

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Evidences of Colletotrichum fructicola Causing Anthracnose on Passiflora edulis Sims in China

Cited by 5 publications

References 37 publications

Identification and fungicide sensitivity of Alternaria tenuissima causing leaf spot of Tetrapanax papyrifer newly reported in China

Identification and fungicide sensitivity of Alternaria tenuissima causing leaf spot of Tetrapanax papyrifer newly reported in China

First report of Alternaria longipes causing kiwifruit leaf spot in China and screening of potentially fungicidal active substances

First Report of Colletotrichum fructicola Causing Anthracnose on Macadamia in China

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