A method for quantitative pyrite abundance in mine rock piles by powder X-ray diffraction and Rietveld refinement

Oerter, Erik; Brimhall, George H.; Redmond, Jennifer; Walker, Bruce M.

doi:10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.08.002

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Preliminary evaluations can be performed as early as the exploration drilling and early mining of an orebody. As the abundance of pyrite and other sulfides in mine wastes is a crucial aspect of AMD generation, their quantity can be determined using advanced X-ray diffraction techniques (Oerter et al 2007). Geological data such as pyrite content, geochemical analyses (S, C, CO 3 , metals), and static test data can be used to construct a three-dimensional block model of different waste rock units prior to mining (Bennett et al 1997).…”

Section: Geological Petrographic Geochemical and Mineralogical Descmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mine Wastes

Lottermoser

2010

345

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Section: Geological Petrographic Geochemical and Mineralogical Descmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mine Wastes

Lottermoser

2010

345

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“…Mechanical milling can provide a narrow range of fine particle sizes in an efficient and reproducible fashion in comparison with the tedium of grinding materials by hand. However, for small samples (<1 g), hand grinding has been preferred, even in recent times (Oerter et al , 2007), as most mechanical mills are optimized for larger samples. The goal of this work is to provide a method for mechanical milling of 0.1–1.0 g samples with a McCrone Micronizing Mill.…”

Section: Miniaturizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Miniaturization of mechanical milling for powder X-ray diffraction

et al. 2012

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To enable mechanical milling of small (0.1–1.0 g) samples, a cylindrical grinding vessel machined from polypropylene and furnished with tungsten carbide rods has been designed and produced for use inside the conventional jar of a McCrone Micronizing Mill. The vessel is about one-seventh the volume of the conventional jar supplied by the manufacturer. The conditions of milling for both the conventional and the miniaturized-grinding assemblies were tested using quartz sand as a limiting case. The median grain sizes of the resultant powders were measured by an X-ray gravitational-sedimentation method, with contamination from the grinding media measured by Rietveld refinement and by instrumental neutron activation analysis. The use of tungsten carbide grinding elements permits rapid wet milling of a small sample to the same median grain size in about one-third of the time required by a regular sample ground in corundum. The relative contamination (by tungsten carbide on a weight basis) using the miniaturized-grinding assembly is about 6(1)% of the proportion of corundum contamination yielded by the conventional grinding assembly.

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“…Systematic results on the application of Rietveld XRPD quantitative analysis to geological samples have been reported by Hill et al [18] for determination of mineral abundances in a range of igneous, volcanic, and metamorphic rocks, by Mumme et al [19] in sedimentary rocks, and by Mumme et al [20] in massive sulfide ores. The method was successfully applied to various geological materials-montmorillonite rocks [21]; wollastonite skarns [22]; hydrothermally altered rocks [23]; heavy minerals in sandstones [24]; dacitic rocks [25]; pyrite and other sulfide minerals in mine rock piles [26]; bentonites [27]; zeolites and amorphous phases in zeolitized tuffaceous rocks [28]; granitic pegmatite [29]; ultramafic rocks [30]; mineral concentrations in bauxite residues [31]; carbonate rocks containing Mg-rich calcite and non-stoichiometric dolomite [32]; hydroxy-interlayered smectite in soils [33].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative Phase Analysis of Skarn Rocks by the Rietveld Method Using X-ray Powder Diffraction Data

et al. 2020

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The Rietveld method using X-ray powder diffraction data was applied to selected skarn samples for quantitative determination of the present minerals. The specimens include garnet, clinopyroxene–garnet, plagioclase–clinopyroxene–wollastonite–garnet, plagioclase–clinopyroxene–wollastonite, plagioclase–clinopyroxene–wollastonite–epidote, and plagioclase–clinopyroxene skarns. The rocks are coarse- to fine-grained and characterized by an uneven distribution of the constituent minerals. The traditional methods for quantitative analysis (point-counting and norm calculations) are not applicable for such inhomogeneous samples containing minerals with highly variable chemical compositions. Up to eight individual mineral phases have been measured in each sample. To obtain the mineral quantities in the skarn rocks preliminary optical microscopy and chemical investigation by electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) were performed for the identification of some starting components for the Rietveld analysis and to make comparison with the Rietveld X-ray powder diffraction results. All of the refinements are acceptable, as can be judged by the standard indices of agreement and by the visual fits of the observed and calculated diffraction profiles. A good correlation between the refined mineral compositions and the data of the EPMA measurements was achieved.

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A method for quantitative pyrite abundance in mine rock piles by powder X-ray diffraction and Rietveld refinement

Cited by 8 publications

References 16 publications

Mine Wastes

Mine Wastes

Miniaturization of mechanical milling for powder X-ray diffraction

Quantitative Phase Analysis of Skarn Rocks by the Rietveld Method Using X-ray Powder Diffraction Data

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