A method for obtaining 3-dimensional facial expressions and its standardization for use in neurocognitive studies

Gur, Ruben C.; Šára, Radim; Hagendoorn, Michiel; Marom, Oren; Hughett, Paul; Macy, Larry; Turner, Travis H.; Bajcsy, Růžena; Posner, Aaron; Gur, Raquel E.

doi:10.1016/s0165-0270(02)00006-7

Cited by 565 publications

(474 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Stimuli consisted of black and white photographs of human facial expressions from both the Penn Emotion Recognition task faces (Gur et al, 2002) and the Ekman faces (Ekman and Friesen, 1976). The task consisted of two functional runs, where each run included 14 blocks of 20 s duration.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Escitalopram Administration on Face Processing in Intermittent Explosive Disorder: An fMRI Study

Cremers

Lee

Keedy

et al. 2015

Neuropsychopharmacol

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The neurobiological underpinnings of intermittent explosive disorder (IED) are traditionally linked to deficiencies in the serotonergic system. In this study, we investigated the effects of escitalopram, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), on brain activation during face processing. We expected that escitalopram would reduce amygdala activity in IED and in addition, we explored the effect in other social-emotional-related brain regions. A total of 17 subjects with current IED and 14 healthy controls participated in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, counterbalanced fMRI face processing study. The analysis focused on the faces compared to a fixation baseline contrast, and a factorial model with Group as between-subject and Drug as within-subject factor was tested. Group × Drug interaction effects were found in the amygdala (small volume corrected) and the left temporal parietal junction (TPJ; whole-brain corrected). Escitalopram increased amygdala activation in controls, but surprisingly not in IED. However, the TPJ showed increased activity in IED on escitalopram compared with placebo. The TPJ is associated with social-cognitive processes, such as perspective taking and empathy. The TPJ findings suggest that SSRI administration may reduce aggressive tendencies towards other people by enhancing these social-cognitive processes. Future research should further elucidate the long-term effects of SSRIs on various social-emotional tasks in IED.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Escitalopram Administration on Face Processing in Intermittent Explosive Disorder: An fMRI Study

Cremers

Lee

Keedy

et al. 2015

Neuropsychopharmacol

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show abstract

“…Facial expression stimuli were drawn from a standardized series of facial expressions of threat-related emotions (fear and anger), loss-related emotions (sadness), and reward-related emotions (happiness), along with neutral (Gur et al, 2002), modified to be centrally positioned at eye level.…”

Section: Facial Emotion Paradigmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amygdala Reactivity to Emotional Faces in the Prediction of General and Medication-Specific Responses to Antidepressant Treatment in the Randomized iSPOT-D Trial

Williams

Korgaonkar

Song

et al. 2015

Neuropsychopharmacol

162

125

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Although the cost of poor treatment outcomes of depression is staggering, we do not yet have clinically useful methods for selecting the most effective antidepressant for each depressed person. Emotional brain activation is altered in major depressive disorder (MDD) and implicated in treatment response. Identifying which aspects of emotional brain activation are predictive of general and specific responses to antidepressants may help clinicians and patients when making treatment decisions. We examined whether amygdala activation probed by emotion stimuli is a general or differential predictor of response to three commonly prescribed antidepressants, using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). A test-retest design was used to assess patients with MDD in an academic setting as part of the International Study to Predict Optimized Treatment in Depression. A total of 80 MDD outpatients were scanned prior to treatment and 8 weeks after randomization to the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors escitalopram and sertraline and the serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, venlafaxine-extended release (XR). A total of 34 matched controls were scanned at the same timepoints. We quantified the blood oxygen level-dependent signal of the amygdala during subliminal and supraliminal viewing of facial expressions of emotion. Response to treatment was defined by ⩾ 50% symptom improvement on the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. Pre-treatment amygdala hypo-reactivity to subliminal happy and threat was a general predictor of treatment response, regardless of medication type (Cohen's d effect size 0.63 to 0.77; classification accuracy, 75%). Responders showed hypo-reactivity compared to controls at baseline, and an increase toward 'normalization' post-treatment. Pre-treatment amygdala reactivity to subliminal sadness was a differential moderator of non-response to venlafaxine-XR (Cohen's d effect size 1.5; classification accuracy, 81%). Non-responders to venlafaxine-XR showed pre-treatment hyperreactivity, which progressed to hypo-reactivity rather than normalization post-treatment, and hypo-reactivity post-treatment was abnormal compared to controls. Impaired amygdala activation has not previously been highlighted in the general vs differential prediction of antidepressant outcomes. Amygdala hypo-reactivity to emotions signaling reward and threat predicts the general capacity to respond to antidepressants. Amygdala hyper-reactivity to sad emotion is involved in a specific non-response to a serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor. The findings suggest amygdala probes may help inform the personal selection of antidepressant treatments.

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“…The neuroimaging face emotion identification task (Gur et al 2002a;Gur et al 2002b) is comprised of four conditions, one for each target expression: happy, sad, anger, or fear. These conditions were each presented as a separate task and in a counterbalanced order.…”

Section: Fmri Facial Affect Recognition Paradigmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurobiological mechanisms associated with facial affect recognition deficits after traumatic brain injury

Neumann

McDonald

West

et al. 2015

Brain Imaging and Behavior

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A method for obtaining 3-dimensional facial expressions and its standardization for use in neurocognitive studies

Cited by 565 publications

References 14 publications

Effects of Escitalopram Administration on Face Processing in Intermittent Explosive Disorder: An fMRI Study

Effects of Escitalopram Administration on Face Processing in Intermittent Explosive Disorder: An fMRI Study

Amygdala Reactivity to Emotional Faces in the Prediction of General and Medication-Specific Responses to Antidepressant Treatment in the Randomized iSPOT-D Trial

Neurobiological mechanisms associated with facial affect recognition deficits after traumatic brain injury

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