A method for determining the age of a bloodstain

Anderson, Stacey E.; Howard, Brandi; Hobbs, Gerald R.; Bishop, Clifton P.

doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2004.04.071

Cited by 142 publications

(146 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Although we did not observe a signiˆcant diŠerence between 18S and ACTB in the present study, it is generally considered that diŠerent RNA types (mRNA, tRNA, rRNA) decay at diŠerent rates resulting in a change in the ratios of RNA species over time. Anderson et al previously reported that rRNA 18S was more stable than mRNA ACTB in the same species, 27) while Moreno et al recently showed that beta 2 microglobulin (B2M) was equal to ACTB as a useful housekeeping gene in forensic samples. 28) For this reason we compared the stability of ACTB in saliva, semen, and blood stains at various temperatures, and found that relative Ct values in all body ‰uid stains were signiˆcantly higher at 4°C in the refrigerator.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Body Fluid Stains Using Real-time RT-PCR: Discrimination Between Salivary, Nasal, and Vaginal Secretions

Sakurada

Akutsu

Watanabe

et al. 2013

Jpn. J. Forensic. Sci. Tech.

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In a criminal investigation, it is important to clarify the origin of the extracted DNA from available biological samples. In recent years, a new approach for the identiˆcation of body ‰uid stains has been demonstrated and involves a comparison of speciˆc mRNA expression levels. Here, we used real-time RT-PCR to examine the expression levels of STATH, HTN3, MUC4, and ESR1 genes from salivary, nasal, and vaginal secretions which are often thought to be di‹cult to discriminate between. STATH was expressed at high levels in all salivary (dCt＝1.27±3.18, n＝ 10) and all nasal secretions (dCt＝-0.99±3.94, n＝8), and at low levels in 3 of the 10 vaginal secretions (dCt＝16.34-17.47). HTN3 was expressed at high levels in all salivary secretions (dCt＝0.67±3.08). MUC4 was expressed at relatively high levels in all vaginal secretions (dCt＝4.97±2.36, n＝10), and at moderate levels in 5 of the 10 salivary secretions (dCt＝8.55-10.40) and in 4 of the 8 nasal secretions (dCt ＝6.56-8.23). ESR1 was expressed at relatively high levels in all vaginal secretions (dCt＝5.79±2.90), but no expression was found in salivary and nasal samples. These results indicate the possibility for speciˆc discrimination between various body ‰uids. To test the practicality of this, gene sensitivity and stability were examined in saliva, semen, and blood stains. Several genes, including ACTB, STATH, HTN3, PRM2, SEMG1, and HBB, were shown to be detectable even in small volume (0.1 mL) stains and were also expressed in 1-year-old stains. mRNA stability was dependent on favorable environmental factors, such as dryness and shading. In addition, the successful detection of target genes from mixed stains and simulated casework samples might promise the utility of this assay. The mRNA assay therefore appears to be a novel tool for body ‰uid identiˆcation from biological samples.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Body Fluid Stains Using Real-time RT-PCR: Discrimination Between Salivary, Nasal, and Vaginal Secretions

Sakurada

Akutsu

Watanabe

et al. 2013

Jpn. J. Forensic. Sci. Tech.

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“…Differential expression may assist in determining the origin of biological evidence based on the relative abundance of messenger RNA [25][26][27][28][29][30]. In addition, estimating the age of a bloodstain was reported using analysis of mRNA:rRNA ratios [31]. This type of assay may provide information relevant to the time evidence was deposited and assist in determination of when a crime was committed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing a novel room temperature DNA storage medium for forensic biological samples

Lee

Clabaugh

Silva

et al. 2012

Forensic Science International: Genetics

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“…In their experiment, blood samples were stored protected from sunlight at room temperature for up to 5 years. The effect of storage condition was examined in samples exposed to direct light, humidity and tubes containing EDTA over a period of 2 months to 2 years Anderson et al, 2005). They observed a significant correlation between RNA degradation and storage interval; and this was reported for use as a possible indicator of age of stains.…”

Section: Biological Stain Age Determination Of Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%