Objective: To determine the cholesterol-lowering efficacy of hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) , and 12 and 15% at 15 g day À1 , respectively, over placebo. Adverse effects were minimal. Trial one: medium, high and ultra-high viscosity HPMC at 15 g day À1 for 1 week each; 1-week wash-out between treatments. Trial two: ultra-high viscosity HPMC at 5 or 15 g day À1 for 8 weeks. Conclusions: HPMC soluble fiber, especially high-viscosity grades, significantly lowers cholesterol at well-tolerated doses, showing promise as a treatment of hypercholesterolemia.