A method for delivery of precise doses of smoked cocaine-base to humans

Hatsukami, Dorothy K.; Keenan, Robert M.; Carroll, Marilyn E.; Colón, Eduardo A.; Geiske, Daniel; Wilson, Bruce C.; Huber, Marguerite

doi:10.1016/0091-3057(90)90116-y

Cited by 54 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…In contrast, the effects of cocaine on blood pressure were small in the current study and did not replicate the robust effects of cocaine reported in previous studies on smoked cocaine (Foltin and Haney, 2000;Foltin and Fischman, 1991;Hatsukami et al, 1990) or i.v. cocaine (Breiter et al, 1997;Christensen et al, 2000).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 54%

“…The localization of the acute effects of cocaine over the prefrontal cortex is consistent with previous MRI and PET studies on cocaine effects in humans (Breiter et al, 1997, Bartzokis et al, 1999 and primates (Howell et al, 2002;Porrino et al, 2002), showing alterations of neuronal activity, metabolism, and blood flow in the limbic system. Subjects in the current study received a medium dose of cocaine, reaching approximately 100 ng/ml cocaine plasma levels within the first 10 min, similar to that following smoked cocaine (50 mg) in a binge protocol (Ward et al, 1997), but less than that following smoked cocaine in protocols employing corncob pipe (50 mg) (Foltin and Fischman, 1991) or thermal nebulizer (35-40 mg) (Hatsukami et al, 1990(Hatsukami et al, , 1994 devices. In addition, the levels obtained in the current study were generally lower than reported in previous neuroimaging studies which employed i.v.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Topographic Imaging of Quantitative EEG in Response to Smoked Cocaine Self-Administration in Humans

Reid

Flammino

Howard

et al. 2005

Neuropsychopharmacol

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Quantitative electroencephalographic (qEEG) profiles were studied in cocaine-dependent patients in response to an acute, single-blind, self-administered dose of smoked cocaine base (50 mg) vs placebo. qEEG data were averaged using neurometric analytical methods and the spectral power of each primary bandwidth was computed and topographically imaged. Additional measures included cocaineinduced high, craving, and related subjective ratings, heart rate, blood pressure, and plasma cortisol and homovanillic acid levels. In all, 13 crack cocaine-dependent subjects were tested. Cocaine produced a rapid increase in subjective ratings of cocaine high and good drug effect, and a more persistent increase in cocaine craving and nervousness. Cocaine also produced a rapid rise in heart rate and a prolonged increase in plasma cortisol. Placebo, administered in the context of cocaine cues and dosing expectations, had no cocaine-like subjective or physiological effects. Cocaine produced a rapid increase in absolute theta, alpha, and beta power over the prefrontal cortex (FP1, FP2), lasting up to 25 min after dosing. The increase in theta power was correlated with good drug effect, and the increase in alpha power was correlated with nervousness. Cocaine also produced a similar increase in delta coherence over the prefrontal cortex, which was positively correlated with plasma cortisol, and negatively correlated with nervousness. Placebo resulted in an increase in alpha power over the prefrontal cortex. These data demonstrate the involvement of prefrontal cortex in the qEEG response to acute cocaine. Evidence indicates slow wave qEEG, delta and theta activity, involvement in the rewarding properties of cocaine.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 54%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Topographic Imaging of Quantitative EEG in Response to Smoked Cocaine Self-Administration in Humans

Reid

Flammino

Howard

et al. 2005

Neuropsychopharmacol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Another possible interpretation is that monkeys titrated their intake by regulating the volume of smoke inhaled. A previous study conducted in this laboratory ) demonstrated that COC blood levels and physiological effects are comparable to those in humans when a similar laboratory model was used (Hatsukami et al 1990). Furthermore, remote observations indicated that monkeys were maintaining full contact with the smoking spout for the duration of the period that the smoke was being produced, suggesting the monkeys were receiving the full dose available.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Reinforcing effects of smoked methamphetamine in rhesus monkeys

Newman

Carroll

2006

Psychopharmacology

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“…Others have shown that IV cocaine self-administration decreased as the number of food pellets increased; and this effect was counteracted by increasing the cocaine dose (Nader and Woolverton 1991). Human laboratory studies have also indicated that money, as a mutually exclusive alternative for cocaine, reduces cocaine intake (Hatsukami et al 1990;Higgins et al 1996). As in the case with the amount of food, the magnitude of other non-drug alternative reinforcers varies directly with the reduction in drug self-administration (Higgins et al 1996;Silverman 1997;Stitzer et al 1983).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Dietary additives and the acquisition of cocaine self-administration in rats

Carroll

Sylvie

1998

Psychopharmacology

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The effects of dietary caffeine and the amount and palatability of food on the acquisition of cocaine (0.2 mg/kg) self-administration were examined. Using an autoshaping procedure, seven groups of 13 rats each were trained to press a lever resulting in a cocaine (0.2 mg/kg infusion under a fixed-ratio 1 (FR 1) schedule. One group had ad libitum access to caffeine- (0.2% w/w) admixed food. Three groups had access to 10 g, 20 g or ad lib food each day. Another three groups had the same three amounts of ground food with powdered saccharin (0.2% w/w) added. During daily 6-h autoshaping sessions, ten infusions were delivered each hour under a random-time 90-s schedule after a brief (15 s) extension of a retractable lever. These were followed by 6-h self-administration sessions, when the lever remained extended and cocaine infusions were available under an FR 1 schedule. The acquisition criterion was self-administration of a mean of 100 infusions over 5 days. Cocaine self-administration was accelerated in the caffeine group compared to the regular chow group. However, by 30 days nearly the same percentage of rats in the caffeine and regular food groups met the acquisition criterion. In the other six groups, as the amount of food increased, the rate of acquisition and percentage of rats per group meeting the acquisition criterion decreased. In the ad lib group, acquisition was further reduced when saccharin was added to food. In summary, dietary caffeine accelerated acquisition and a greater amount and increased palatability of food independently interfered with acquisition of cocaine self-administration in rats.

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A method for delivery of precise doses of smoked cocaine-base to humans

Cited by 54 publications

References 8 publications

Topographic Imaging of Quantitative EEG in Response to Smoked Cocaine Self-Administration in Humans

Topographic Imaging of Quantitative EEG in Response to Smoked Cocaine Self-Administration in Humans

Reinforcing effects of smoked methamphetamine in rhesus monkeys

Dietary additives and the acquisition of cocaine self-administration in rats

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