A method for calculating soil pressure overlying human burials

McGowan, Glenys; Prangnell, Jonathan

doi:10.1016/j.jas.2014.09.016

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 12 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Vertical cemeteries could prove a viable way of mitigating environmental impacts. Moreover, a skeleton stored in a sconce would not suffer the pressure of the soil weight, and thus remain undamaged (McGowan & Prangnell, 2015 (ILCS, 1951), enacted by the 65 th General Assembly. In Brazil, laws on how cemeteries should operate are less clear.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental damage and public health threat caused by cemeteries: a proposal of ideal cemeteries for the growing urban sprawl

Neckel

Costa

Mário

et al. 2017

urbe, Rev. Bras. Gest. Urbana

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Growing urban land development has led to a reduction in the space available for cemeteries and the juxtaposition of residential and cemeterial areas, further raising the polluting potential of the latter. The present case study sought to assess levels of physicochemical and microbiological contamination in the Central Cemetery of Marau (RS/Brazil), and propose vertical cemetery deployment as a way to reduce necroleachate-linked pollution impacts. The following information was collected from 43 additional rural cemeteries: number of tombs, graves, chapels, and small vertical constructions with drawers, state of conservation and cleanliness and total area and perimeter of the cemetery. Eighty professionals of environmentally sustainable urban planning from four countries (20 Brazilians, 20 American, 20 Portuguese and 20 Japanese) were interviewed regarding the ‘ideal cemetery’. Various risks of cemetery soil contamination were identified, particularly high amounts of heterotrophic microorganisms, especially fecal coliforms associated with burial sites. In order to avoid contamination risks to environment and population, the mplemention of a vertical model of cemetery is proposed.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental damage and public health threat caused by cemeteries: a proposal of ideal cemeteries for the growing urban sprawl

Neckel

Costa

Mário

et al. 2017

urbe, Rev. Bras. Gest. Urbana

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…heavy equipment and/or embankments). Previous research has already shown that stress in the soil is a major issue when dealing with proper preservation of the remains (Garfinkel and Lister 1983;Olson et al 1988;Mathewson et al 1992;McGowan and Prangnell 2015). In general, the additional surface load increases stress in the soil, which causes deformation and relocation of the soil particles, the expulsion of the air and/or water from the voids, and thus compression of the soil layers.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most obvious are displacement and deformation of the remains (Das and Sobhan 2013), which changes their original context and physical form. Settlement can also alter the stratigraphy, especially if the site consists of diverse materials, behaving differently under the imposed stress (de Lange et al 2012;McGowan and Prangnell 2015). Furthermore, the loss of pore water and more tightly organised soil particles can lead to moisture changes, especially dangerous for organic remains (de Lange et al 2012).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the context of archaeological remains, the behaviour of various soil types under the imposed mechanical stress was studied by Hyde (2004), Sidell et al (2004) and Avsenik (2012), while limited research also included the behaviour of the buried artefacts (Garfinkel and Lister 1983;Olson 1989;Mathewson et al 1992;Godwin et al 2009;McGowan and Prangnell 2015). Even though from different perspectives and various methodological procedures, results highlighted depth, orientation and type of the buried remains, soil moisture and grain size distribution, and type of the imposed load as the most influential factors.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Laboratory-based research on the changes caused to the in situ preserved archaeological remains by the heavy equipment compaction

Leskovar¹

2021

Proceedings From the Scientific Conference Methodology and Archaeometry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

When planning the in situ preservation of archaeological remains, one of the issues that need consideration are changes in the physical environment and their impact on the remains. This includes mechanical loading of the surface above the site and its consequences on the various layers and artefacts within the site. The contribution represents a laboratorybased experiment on the effects of heavy equipment compaction on archaeological remains. A set of tests was performed to understand better the changes that mechanical loading of the surface will cause to the archaeological site. In a custom-made steel case, artificial archaeological sites were created by layers of sandy silt and gravel, in which a variety of archaeological and modern artefacts were placed. To measure stress and strain, some of the artefacts were equipped with strain gauges. A servo-hydraulic piston was used to simulate static and dynamic mechanical loading. Moisture and temperature were recorded before, during and after each test. At the same time, the three-dimensional recording of the artefacts and layers, and soils stiffness measurements were performed before and after each loading. The obtained data allowed us to study the compression of layers and their moisture, movements of the artefacts, stresses and strains on the artefacts, and the macroscopically observable damage of the artefacts caused by loading. We were able to deduce how big of an influence grain size and moisture of the soil have, how important the type of material representing archaeological remains and their position within the soil is, that movements of the artefacts within the layers are also an important factor to consider, that vibrations are far more damaging than force alone, and that protective layer is not always best preservation strategy. With the presented results, our research has been a step towards a better understanding of the effects of heavy equipment compaction to archaeological remains and thus to the preservation of archaeological sites in situ.

show abstract

“…Quando questionados se havia cemitério perto do domicilio, 3 pessoas citaram que sim, e apesar de ser um quantitativo pequeno, merece atenção, pois com a decomposição dos corpos, há a formação de necrochorume, e este pode contaminar o solo, que na maioria do tempo ocorre de forma lenta, com a agua das chuvas, mas por ser áreas em que parte do tempo ficam alagadas, e as residências próximas utilizarem a água do rio para consumo, podem conter metais pesados, fungos, bactérias, vírus, dentre outros, por isso alguns autores relatam certa preocupação com a manutenção de cemitérios horizontais, pois pode ser um fator desencadeante de problemas de saúde, por isso deveriam se ter estudos mais aprofundados sobre a potabilidade da água para consumo (Kemerich et al, 2014, Mcgowan, Prangnell, 2015Rocha, 2017).…”

Section: Variáveis N %unclassified

Determinantes sociais em saúde e morbidade auto-relatada em uma população quilombola às margens do Rio Amazonas, no município de Santarém, Pará

Valentim¹

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Dedico este trabalho ao meu pai a quem tenho verdadeira admiração e carinho, e com quem aprendi a lutar pelos meus sonhos, e não desistir por mais que os obstáculos parecessem intransponíveis, a minha mãe pelos cuidados, carinho e dedicação, a minha filha que é tão compreensiva, entendendo as minhas ausências. Ao meu marido Thiago Quaresma, que esteve do meu lado em todos os momentos, apoiando e dando força para continuar nessa jornada. A prof. Olinda do Carmo Luiz pela dedicação, empenho, paciência, a quem admiro e sou muito grata. AGRADECIMENTOSAgradeço primeiramente a Deus, por estar sempre ao meu lado na transposição dos obstáculos, me dando força, discernimento na escolha dos caminhos, paciência para esperar o momento certo, e por colocar no meu caminho pessoas maravilhosas com quem posso contar nos momentos difíceis.A Profa. Dra. Olinda do Carmo Luiz, pelo auxílio, dedicação e empenho, pelos ensinamentos que serão fundamentais para toda a minha trajetória, não só acadêmica, mas para vida pessoal.

show abstract

A method for calculating soil pressure overlying human burials

Cited by 9 publications

References 12 publications

Environmental damage and public health threat caused by cemeteries: a proposal of ideal cemeteries for the growing urban sprawl

Environmental damage and public health threat caused by cemeteries: a proposal of ideal cemeteries for the growing urban sprawl

Laboratory-based research on the changes caused to the in situ preserved archaeological remains by the heavy equipment compaction

Determinantes sociais em saúde e morbidade auto-relatada em uma população quilombola às margens do Rio Amazonas, no município de Santarém, Pará

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About