A metapopulation model of dog rabies transmission in N’Djamena, Chad

Laager, Mirjam; Léchenne, Monique; Naïssengar, Kemdongarti; Mindekem, Rolande; Oussiguéré, Assandi; Zinsstag, Jakob; Chitnis, Nakul

doi:10.1016/j.jtbi.2018.11.027

Cited by 25 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 22 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Human behaviour change is also important as human mediated movement of dogs is often identified as a source of rabies outbreaks [ 11 , 53 , 54 ] and participation in interventions is often the key to the success of rabies control programmes [ 55 – 57 ]. Positive changes in perception and ownership of free-roaming dogs after V-S programmes were reported [ 31 , 35 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Evaluating the role of surgical sterilisation in canine rabies control: A systematic review of impact and outcomes

Collinson

Bennett

Dean³

et al. 2020

PLoS Negl Trop Dis

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Current recommendations for the elimination of canine-mediated human rabies focus on mass dog vaccination as the most feasible and cost-effective strategy. However, attempts to control rabies are often combined with canine surgical sterilisation programmes. The added value of sterilisation is widely debated. A systematic review was undertaken to compare the outcomes and impact of vaccination and sterilisation programmes with vaccination only programmes. A systematic search of three electronic databases (CAB Abstracts, Medline and Global Health) and grey literature was performed. From 8696 abstracts found, 5554 unique studies were identified, and 16 studies met the inclusion criteria. Eight described vaccination only programmes and eight described vaccination and sterilisation programmes. Indicators of impact measured were dog bites and/or doses of post-exposure prophylaxis administered; numbers of dog and/or human rabies cases; dog population demographic changes; changes in health and welfare of dogs, and indicators related to human behaviour change. The studies were contextually very diverse, programmes being implemented were complex, and there was variation in measurement and reporting of key indicators. Therefore, it was difficult to compare the two types of intervention, and impossible to make an evaluation of the role of sterilisation, using this evidence. Given the large number of vaccination and sterilisation programmes conducted globally, the lack of studies available for review highlights a gap in data collection or reporting, essential for impact assessment. There are several knowledge gaps concerning the impact of the sterilisation component alone, as well as subsequent effects on rabies transmission and control. Prospective studies comparing the outcomes and impact of the two interventions would be required in order to establish any additional contribution of sterilisation, as well as the underlying mechanisms driving any changes. In the absence of such evidence, the priority for rabies control objectives should be implementation of mass vaccination, as currently recommended by the World Health Organisation.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Within both V and V-S interventions, incursions of rabies were sometimes seen in later years [30,41]. Further studies have also described rabies outbreaks in areas that had previously seen interruption of transmission [40,54]. This is also linked to implementation and ability to scale up an intervention.…”

Section: Role Of Sterilisationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the role of surgical sterilisation in canine rabies control: A systematic review of impact and outcomes

Collinson

Bennett

Dean³

et al. 2020

PLoS Negl Trop Dis

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The observed difference in killing rates between different cultural backgrounds could further point towards an underrepresentation of rabies cases from specific areas of town. However, even when simulating different case detection rates using a rabies transmission meta-population model established for N’Djaména, the outcome of the model, which suggested an interruption of rabies transmission, remained robust [ 27 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Importance of a Participatory and Integrated One Health Approach for Rabies Control: The Case of N’Djaména, Chad

Léchenne

Mindekem²,

Madjadinan³

et al. 2017

TropicalMed

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This study compares data on animal rabies cases from the Chadian national rabies laboratory, hosted at the Insitut de Recherche en Elevage pour le Developpement (IRED), with bite case reporting from health facilities. The data collection accompanied a mass dog vaccination intervention over two years in N’Djaména, Chad. This allowed for a comparison of the dynamics of the incidence of animal rabies cases, human bite exposure incidence and post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) demand during a dog rabies elimination attempt. Following the mass vaccination, the monthly animal rabies incidence dropped from 1.1/10,000 dogs, as observed prior to the campaign in 2012, to 0.061/10,000 dogs in 2014. However, the PEP demand was found to be largely unaffected. The suspicion of the rabies exposure as reported by health personnel in most cases did not reflect the status of the biting animal but rather the severity of the bite wound, resulting in inappropriate PEP recommendations. In addition, the levels of reporting dead or killed animals to the rabies laboratory was found to be very low. These results reveal a profound lack of communication between health facilities and veterinary structures and the absence of an integrated bite case management (IBCM) approach. Improved communication between human health and veterinary workers is imperative to prevent human rabies deaths through the appropriate use of PEP and to further translate success in animal rabies control into cost savings for the public health sector through a lower PEP demand. Improved training of health and veterinary personnel and the sensitisation of the public are needed to achieve good IBCM practice, to increase the rate of diagnostic testing, to provide adequate and timely PEP, and to reduce the wastage of scarce vaccine resources.

show abstract

“…Estimate comparison against equivalent simulations where immigrant dogs were treated as susceptible, showed how the immigration of infectious dogs could lead to underestimates of the infection incidence (10-20% differences), and potentially undermine VL control programmes. A similar case has been suggested to cause mass anti-rabies vaccination programme failure in Chad (Laager et al, 2019).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Spatial modelling of sand fly vector’s response to a synthetic sex-aggregation pheromone: impact on the incidence of visceral leishmaniasis in rural and urban settings

Retkute

Dilger

Hamilton

et al. 2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background. Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a potentially fatal protozoan parasitic disease of humans and dogs. In the Americas, dogs are the reservoir and Lutzomyia longipalpis is the sand fly vector. A synthetic version of the vector's sex-aggregation pheromone attracts conspecifics to co-located lethal insecticide, reducing reservoir infection and vector abundance. Mathematical models of spatially deployed interventions are lacking, thus best practise using this novel lure-and-kill vector control approach to reduce infection incidence has not been fully explored. Methods. We developed a predictive mathematical model of vector host-seeking behaviour combined with spatially explicit transmission models to evaluate changes in human and canine spatial infection incidence under variable pheromone implementation scenarios and demographic conditions. Results. The risk of human infection increased exponentially with canine incidence, but at different rates between rural and urban settings with spatial clustering of high forces of human infection related to their proximity to canine infected households. A predicted 70% household coverage using a cost-effective amount (50mg) of pheromone, plus insecticide, reduced rural and urban setting infection incidence by approximately 44% and 50% in dogs, and by 64% and 68% in humans, within 1-2 years. Near or complete transmission elimination in dogs and humans was achieved after 10 years intervention using 50mg of pheromone under 70% household coverage in urban settings when newly acquired (immigrant) dogs had no pre-existing infections, but in rural settings required 90% coverage using 500mg. The willingness to pay (WTP) price per 10mg unit of pheromone is likely to be <$3 USD, making it a cost-beneficial intervention compared to current alternative strategies. Conclusions. Integrated stochastic and spatial models capturing vector host-seeking behaviour, is a useful mathematical framework to evaluate spatially dependent intervention methods, fine-scale transmission dynamics, and to identify best practise.

show abstract

A metapopulation model of dog rabies transmission in N’Djamena, Chad

Cited by 25 publications

References 22 publications

Evaluating the role of surgical sterilisation in canine rabies control: A systematic review of impact and outcomes

Evaluating the role of surgical sterilisation in canine rabies control: A systematic review of impact and outcomes

The Importance of a Participatory and Integrated One Health Approach for Rabies Control: The Case of N’Djaména, Chad

Spatial modelling of sand fly vector’s response to a synthetic sex-aggregation pheromone: impact on the incidence of visceral leishmaniasis in rural and urban settings

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About