A meta-regression of the effects of resistance training frequency on muscular strength and hypertrophy in adults over 60 years of age

Kneffel, Zsuzsanna; Murlasits, Zsolt; Reed, Jacob P.; Krieger, James

doi:10.1080/02640414.2020.1822595

Cited by 21 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Once the threshold is reached, additional resistance training days is likely to provide no further benefits and may affect recovery between training sessions and increase the risk of overtraining in older adults. 60 2–3 sessions per week is recommended when high-intensity resistance training was performed. 59 In terms of progression in intensity, we found improvements of HOMA-IR with resistance training program using non-progressive intensity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of resistance training on insulin sensitivity in the elderly: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Jiahao

2021

Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness

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Objective We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the effect of resistance training in older adults on insulin sensitivity. Methods: Cochrane, Embase, PubMed, Web of Science and EBSCO were searched from inception to April 2021. We integrated randomized controlled trials published in English, and participants were non-athletic and aged ≥60 years. The outcome of interest was the change in insulin sensitivity, derived from the homeostatic model of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c). Results: 12 RCTs were included in this meta-analysis comparing resistance training (n = 232) with control (n = 209). Resistance exercise significantly reduced HOMA-IR level (d = −0.25, 95% CI, −0.43 to −0.06; P < 0.05) and HbA1c levels of (d = −0.51, 95% CI, −0.84 to −0.18; P < 0.05). Subgroup analysis of HOMA-IR revealed that the variables “population”, “training intensity” and “period” had significant effects on HOMA-IR, with the largest effect sizes for high-intensity (d = −0.43, 95%CI, −0.85 to −0.22, P < 0.05) and long-term (more than 12 weeks) (d = −0.43, 95%CI, −0.85 to −0.22, P < 0.05) training programs in older adults without type 2 diabetes (T2D) (d = −0.23, 95%CI, −0.42 to −0.04, P < 0.05). Subgroup analysis of HbA1c suggested that resistance training programs with moderate intensity (d = −0.51, 95%CI, −0.90 to −0.12, P < 0.05) and short term (less than or equal to 12 weeks) (d = −0.49, 95%CI, −0.84 to −0.14, P < 0.05) have greater effects on HbA1c. Conclusion: The findings of this meta-analysis suggest that resistance training is effective for inducing improvement in insulin sensitivity for elderly. Subgroup analysis showed that high intensity and long period of resistance exercise improve HOMA-IR in healthy old adults, and that resistance training with moderate intensity and short period improve HbA1c in T2D old people. More studies with high methodological qualities and large sample sizes need to be done to further confirm our conclusion.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of resistance training on insulin sensitivity in the elderly: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Jiahao

2021

Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness

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“…RE programmes involving two training sessions per week may offer greater benefit compared to once weekly training for improving muscle strength, yet it remains unclear how much of a meaningful additive effect a third session per week provides [ 39 , 40 ]. Substantial benefits can be gained from two RE sessions per week [ 10 , 34 , 36 ] and those prescribing exercise should be mindful that prescribing a greater number of RE sessions will not necessarily induce greater effects (i.e. quality over quantity).…”

Section: Prescribing Resistance Exercise For Sarcopeniamentioning

confidence: 99%

Resistance exercise as a treatment for sarcopenia: prescription and delivery

et al. 2022

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Sarcopenia is a generalised skeletal muscle disorder characterised by reduced muscle strength and mass and associated with a range of negative health outcomes. Currently, resistance exercise (RE) is recommended as the first-line treatment for counteracting the deleterious consequences of sarcopenia in older adults. However, whilst there is considerable evidence demonstrating that RE is an effective intervention for improving muscle strength and function in healthy older adults, much less is known about its benefits in older people living with sarcopenia. Furthermore, evidence for its optimal prescription and delivery is very limited and any potential benefits of RE are unlikely to be realised in the absence of an appropriate exercise dose. We provide a summary of the underlying principles of effective RE prescription (specificity, overload and progression) and discuss the main variables (training frequency, exercise selection, exercise intensity, exercise volume and rest periods) that can be manipulated when designing RE programmes. Following this, we propose that an RE programme that consists of two exercise sessions per week and involves a combination of upper- and lower-body exercises performed with a relatively high degree of effort for 1–3 sets of 6–12 repetitions is appropriate as a treatment for sarcopenia. The principles of RE prescription outlined here and the proposed RE programme presented in this paper provide a useful resource for clinicians and exercise practitioners treating older adults with sarcopenia and will also be of value to researchers for standardising approaches to RE interventions in future sarcopenia studies.

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“…However, no significant difference between groups for strength and muscle mass was found. Kneffel et al (2020) examined resistance training frequency in adults over 60 years of age on muscular strength and hypertrophy in a recently published meta-regression. Fifteen studies were analyzed including 597 individuals of both sexes.…”

Section: Frequencymentioning

confidence: 99%

May the Force and Mass Be With You—Evidence-Based Contribution of Mechano-Biological Descriptors of Resistance Exercise

Viecelli

Aguayo²

2022

Front. Physiol.

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Skeletal muscle is one of the most important tissues of the human body. It comprises up to 40% of the body mass and is crucial to survival. Hence, the maintenance of skeletal muscle mass and strength is pivotal. It is well-established that resistance exercise provides a potent anabolic stimulus to increase muscle mass and strength in men and women of all ages. Resistance exercise consists of mechano-biological descriptors, such as load, muscle action, number of repetitions, repetition duration, number of sets, rest interval between sets, frequency, volitional muscular failure, and range of motion, which can be manipulated. Herein, we discuss the evidence-based contribution of these mechano-biological descriptors to muscle mass and strength.

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A meta-regression of the effects of resistance training frequency on muscular strength and hypertrophy in adults over 60 years of age

Cited by 21 publications

References 32 publications

Effects of resistance training on insulin sensitivity in the elderly: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Effects of resistance training on insulin sensitivity in the elderly: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Resistance exercise as a treatment for sarcopenia: prescription and delivery

May the Force and Mass Be With You—Evidence-Based Contribution of Mechano-Biological Descriptors of Resistance Exercise

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