May the Force and Mass Be With You—Evidence-Based Contribution of Mechano-Biological Descriptors of Resistance Exercise

Viecelli, Claudio; Aguayo, David

doi:10.3389/fphys.2021.686119

Cited by 8 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 119 publications

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“…The number of training sessions provides an indication of the total resistance training work over a program’s duration, whereas including load describes the total work of a single training session. Other parameters (e.g., load, number of repetitions and sets, range of movement, time between sets, time under tension, and volitional muscle failure) provide a comprehensive description of resistance training programs ( 138 ), even though the effect of manipulating these variables on athletic performance remains unclear ( 139 ).…”

Section: Optimizing Training Adaptations To Enhance Athletic Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…This implies that, during ballistic training, recruitment is observed in a more selective manner corresponding to the functional movement according to the neuromechanical matching principle ( 319 , 321 ). However, even during slow ramping movement, as might be encountered in weightlifting, fast motor units can be recruited with submaximal load ( 138 , 323 , 324 ). In fact, a number of studies have demonstrated that even low-load exercises such as 30% 1RM result in recruitment of type I and II fiber if completed until failure, inducing a hypertrophic response similar to high-load training ( 138 , 323 – 325 ).…”

Section: Physiological and Cellular Adaptation To Exercise Training: ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, even during slow ramping movement, as might be encountered in weightlifting, fast motor units can be recruited with submaximal load ( 138 , 323 , 324 ). In fact, a number of studies have demonstrated that even low-load exercises such as 30% 1RM result in recruitment of type I and II fiber if completed until failure, inducing a hypertrophic response similar to high-load training ( 138 , 323 – 325 ). This finding might be explained by the observation that with increasing muscle fatigue more motor units are being recruited to meet the same force output, even when lower loads are used ( 138 , 323 , 324 ).…”

Section: Physiological and Cellular Adaptation To Exercise Training: ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The molecular athlete: exercise physiology from mechanisms to medals

Furrer

Hawley

Handschin

2023

Physiological Reviews

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Human skeletal muscle demonstrates remarkable plasticity, adapting to numerous external stimuli including the habitual level of contractile loading. Accordingly, muscle function and exercise capacity encompass a broad spectrum, from inactive individuals with low levels of endurance and strength, to elite athletes who produce prodigious performances underpinned by pleiotropic training-induced muscular adaptations. Our current understanding of the signal integration, interpretation and output coordination of the cellular and molecular mechanisms that govern muscle plasticity across this continuum is incomplete. As such, training methods and their application to elite athletes largely rely on a "trial and error" approach with the experience and practices of successful coaches and athletes often providing the bases for "post hoc" scientific enquiry and research. This review provides a synopsis of the morphological and functional changes along with the molecular mechanisms underlying exercise adaptation to endurance- and resistance-based training. These traits are placed in the context of innate genetic and inter-individual differences in exercise capacity and performance, with special considerations given to the ageing athletes. Collectively, we provide a comprehensive overview of skeletal muscle plasticity in response to different modes of exercise, and how such adaptations translate from "molecules to medals".

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Section: Optimizing Training Adaptations To Enhance Athletic Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Physiological and Cellular Adaptation To Exercise Training: ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Physiological and Cellular Adaptation To Exercise Training: ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The molecular athlete: exercise physiology from mechanisms to medals

Furrer

Hawley

Handschin

2023

Physiological Reviews

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“…Skeletal muscle is one of the most important tissues in the human body, accounting for approximately 40% of body weight, so maintaining skeletal muscle mass and strength is critical. Resistance training is an effective anabolic stimulus that increases muscle mass and strength in men and women of all ages ( 1 ). Regular resistance training (RT) can also improve exercise performance and health ( 2 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lactobacillus plantarum PL-02 Supplementation Combined With Resistance Training Improved Muscle Mass, Force, and Exercise Performance in Mice

Yeh

Hsu

et al. 2022

Front. Nutr.

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Increasing numbers of researchers are investigating the benefits of probiotics in enhancing exercise performance and verifying the role of the gut–muscle axis. In our previous study, Lactobacillus plantarum PL-02 improved exercise performance and muscle mass. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate whether supplementation with PL-02 combined with resistance training has a synergistic effect on exercise performance and muscle mass. All the animals were assigned into four groups (n = 8/group): a sedentary control with normal distilled water group (vehicle, n = 8); PL-02 supplementation group (PL-02, 2.05 × 109 CFU, n = 8); resistance training group (RT, n = 8); PL-02 supplementation combined with resistance training group (PL-02 + RT, 2.05 × 109 CFU, n = 8). Supplementation with PL-02 for four consecutive weeks combined with resistance exercise training significantly improved the grip strength and the maximum number of crawls; increased the time of exhaustive exercise; significantly reduced the time required for a single climb; and reduced the lactate, blood ammonia, creatine kinase, and blood urea nitrogen produced after exercise (p < 0.05). In addition, it produced substantial benefits for increasing muscle mass without causing any physical damage. In summary, our findings confirmed that PL-02 or RT supplementation alone is effective in improving muscle mass and exercise performance and in reducing exercise fatigue, but the combination of the two can achieve increased benefits.

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“…), consequently resulting in functional adaptations ( Spiering et al, 2008 ). While the contribution of RE descriptors has been reviewed elsewhere ( Viecelli and Aguayo, 2022 ), the aim of this review is to discuss the influence of age, gender, and genetics on RE outcomes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The non-modifiable factors age, gender, and genetics influence resistance exercise

Viecelli¹,

Ewald²

2022

Front. Aging

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Muscle mass and force are key for movement, life quality, and health. It is well established that resistance exercise is a potent anabolic stimulus increasing muscle mass and force. The response of a physiological system to resistance exercise is composed of non-modifiable (i.e., age, gender, genetics) and modifiable factors (i.e., exercise, nutrition, training status, etc.). Both factors are integrated by systemic responses (i.e., molecular signaling, genetic responses, protein metabolism, etc.), consequently resulting in functional and physiological adaptations. Herein, we discuss the influence of non-modifiable factors on resistance exercise: age, gender, and genetics. A solid understanding of the role of non-modifiable factors might help to adjust training regimes towards optimal muscle mass maintenance and health.

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May the Force and Mass Be With You—Evidence-Based Contribution of Mechano-Biological Descriptors of Resistance Exercise

Cited by 8 publications

References 119 publications

The molecular athlete: exercise physiology from mechanisms to medals

The molecular athlete: exercise physiology from mechanisms to medals

Lactobacillus plantarum PL-02 Supplementation Combined With Resistance Training Improved Muscle Mass, Force, and Exercise Performance in Mice

The non-modifiable factors age, gender, and genetics influence resistance exercise

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