A meta-analysis on the anatomical variability of the brachial plexus: Part I – Roots, trunks, divisions and cords

Beneš, Michal; Kachlík, David; Belbl, Miroslav; Kunc, Vladimír; Havlikova, Sarlota; Whitley, Adam; Kunc, Vojtěch

doi:10.1016/j.aanat.2021.151751

Cited by 18 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…The phrenic nerve mostly sends a very thin branch to the upper trunk at a point passing through the superficial aspect of the upper trunk; therefore, the fine C4 branch actually participates in the brachial plexus more frequently (Figure 1B). On the other hand, cases of C3 contribution to the human brachial plexus are quite rare and rarely reported [6,7,19], and we have never observed it in our 322 previously studied sides [26], nor in the present 354 sides.…”

Section: Phenotypic Changes Of the Brachial Plexus Roots In Variant Thoracolumbar Countscontrasting

confidence: 53%

“…Recently, a meta-analysis study of the human brachial plexus anatomy has revealed many morphological characteristics [6,7]. In this analysis, ultimately rare variations in the partial contribution from the third spinal nerve (C3) or almost all contribution from the fourth (C4) or tenth (T2) spinal nerve to the human brachial plexus reported in past studies remain lost information on their vertebral formula.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Does the phenotypic morphology of the human brachial plexus reflect the theoretical development of concomitant regulation in thoracolumbar spines and nerves?

2022

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Background: Experimental evidences identified that thoracolumbar mutants caused by Hox genes 7-10 mutants also involve a craniocaudal shift and/or the addition or reduction of segments of the limb plexus roots. This study investigated whether the theoretical concomitant shift of the brachial plexus roots in human different thoracolumbar counts is shared as confirmed in those of the human lumbosacral plexus. Material and methods:The phenotypic morphology of the brachial plexus and its arterial interaction on 20 sides of 10 atypical human thoracolumbar counts out of the 354 sides of the 177 cadavers, were compared with those of 52 sides of 26 cases in a typical human vertebral formula (7C_12T_5L_5S).Results: Regardless of the course and branching patterns of the axillary artery, our results showed that the main brachial plexus roots were composed of only five segments of the 5 th -9 th spinal nerves, with small contributions from the 4 th and/or 10 th nerves. This root composition is identical to a typical human thoracolumbar formula, and therefore, neither a craniocaudal shift nor additional/reduced main roots occurred in our thoracolumbar variants. Conclusions:Unlike the concomitant shift of the lumbosacral plexus roots, our present cases suggest that the phenotypic morphology of the human brachial plexus may be less likely to 1 show theoretical craniocaudal shifts, further data on the root changes in different vertebral formulae are needed for its accurate validation.

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Section: Phenotypic Changes Of the Brachial Plexus Roots In Variant Thoracolumbar Countscontrasting

confidence: 53%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does the phenotypic morphology of the human brachial plexus reflect the theoretical development of concomitant regulation in thoracolumbar spines and nerves?

2022

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“…Conventional arrangement of the BP includes the upper trunk formed by the union of the C5–C6 roots, the C7 root continuing as the middle trunk, and the C8–T1 roots forming the lower trunk (Fig. 1A) 5 . Contributions from the C4 and T2 nerve roots can occasionally occur, giving rise to the terms “prefixed” and “postfixed” plexus, respectively (Fig.…”

Section: Bp Anatomymentioning

confidence: 99%

Brachial Plexus Magnetic Resonance Neurography

et al. 2022

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Magnetic resonance neurography of the brachial plexus (BP) is challenging owing to its complex anatomy and technical obstacles around this anatomic region. Magnetic resonance techniques to improve image quality center around increasing nerve-to-background contrast ratio and mitigating imaging artifacts. General considerations include unilateral imaging of the BP at 3.0 T, appropriate selection and placement of surface coils, and optimization of pulse sequences. Technical considerations to improve nerve conspicuity include fat, vascular, and respiratory artifact suppression techniques; metal artifact reduction techniques; and 3-dimensional sequences. Specific optimization of these techniques for BP magnetic resonance neurography greatly improves image quality and diagnostic confidence to help guide nonoperative and operative management.

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“…The final branch of this nerve is the lateral antebrachial cutane� ous nerve, which pierces the fascia of the arm in the area of the ulnar flexion. [5][6][7][8] The embryological basis for the formation of the MCN covers the 4th to 7th week of gestation. Between 49th and 50th day, the final orientation and structure of the brachial plexus is similar to that seen in adults.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A cadaveric analysis of anatomical variations of the musculocutaneous nerve

et al. 2022

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IntroductionVariations within musculocutaneus nerve (MCN) are very frequent. Such cases should be discussed extensively to reduce the risk of iatrogenic damage during surgery.AimIn this paper, we wanted to present the unusual variability within the brachial plexus, which is the double MCN.Case studyWe present a case of accesory MCN found during the cadaveric dissection.Results and discussionIn this paper we encountered two musculocutaneous nerves, of which MCN proper runs as standard innervating the biceps brachii and the coracobrachialis muscle, while MCN accessory extending distally from MCN proper and innervates the brachialis.ConclusionsThe case analysed by us is rare in the literature. Brachial plexus variations are very common and clinically important.

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A meta-analysis on the anatomical variability of the brachial plexus: Part I – Roots, trunks, divisions and cords

Cited by 18 publications

References 39 publications

Does the phenotypic morphology of the human brachial plexus reflect the theoretical development of concomitant regulation in thoracolumbar spines and nerves?

Does the phenotypic morphology of the human brachial plexus reflect the theoretical development of concomitant regulation in thoracolumbar spines and nerves?

Brachial Plexus Magnetic Resonance Neurography

A cadaveric analysis of anatomical variations of the musculocutaneous nerve

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