A Meta-Analysis of Neuropsychological Functioning in Patients with Early Onset Schizophrenia and Pediatric Bipolar Disorder

Nieto, Rebeca García; Castellanos, F. Xavier

doi:10.1080/15374416.2011.546049

Cited by 72 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 69 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The effect sizes varied, with larger effect sizes for verbal learning and memory ( Z = 4.65, nine studies), followed by processing speed ( Z = 3.61, seven studies), working memory ( Z = 4.19, seven studies), executive function ( Z = 4.07, nine studies) and attention ( Z = 3.81, eight studies). Smaller, but significant, group differences of those with BD group compared to controls were observed in verbal fluency, visual memory, visuospatial skills, and general cognitive ability, with particularly small effects for motor skills ( Z = 1.76), assessed in only one study (Nieto & Castellanos, 2011). …”

Section: Cognitive Deficits In Bipolar Disordermentioning

confidence: 86%

Cognitive deficits in bipolar disorders: Implications for emotion

Lima

Peckham

Johnson

2018

Clinical Psychology Review

172

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Prominent cognitive deficits have been documented in bipolar disorder, and multiple studies suggest that these deficits can be observed among non-affected first-degree relatives of those with bipolar disorder. Although there is variability in the degree of cognitive deficits, these deficits are robustly relevant for functional outcomes. A separate literature documents clear difficulties in emotionality, emotion regulation, and emotion-relevant impulsivity within bipolar disorder, and demonstrates that these emotion-relevant variables are also central to outcome. Although cognitive and emotion domains are typically studied independently, basic research and emergent findings in bipolar disorder suggest that there are important ties between cognitive deficits and the emotion disturbances observed in bipolar disorder. Understanding these relationships has relevance for fostering more integrative research, for clarifying relevant aspects related to functionality and vulnerability within bipolar disorder, and for the development of novel treatment interventions. Bipolar disorder (BD) is a severe psychiatric illness that has been ranked as one of the 20 leading medical causes of disability (WHO, 2011). BD has been shown to be the psychiatric disorder with the highest rates of completed suicide across two major cohort studies (Ilgen et al., 2010; Nordentoft, Mortensen, & Pedersen, 2011). In a cross-national representative sample, one in four persons diagnosed with bipolar I disorder reported a suicide attempt (Merikangas et al., 2011). Rates of relapse remain high despite available treatments (Gitlin, Swendsen, Heller, & Hammen, 1995), and in the year after hospitalization for manic episode, two-thirds of patients do not return to work (Strakowski et al., 1998). Poverty, homelessness, and incarceration are all too common (Copeland et al., 2009). Despite the often poor outcomes, there is also evidence for outstanding accomplishments and creativity among those with milder forms of the disorder and their family members (Coryell et al., 1989; Jamison, 1993; Murray & Johnson, 2010). Some individuals appear to achieve more than the general population, suggesting the importance of understanding the variables that predict differential outcome within bipolar disorder. Within this paper, we focus on two key predictors of outcomes within bipolar disorder: cognition and emotionality. We review evidence that problems in cognition and emotionality are prominent among those diagnosed with the disorder, are not artifacts of symptom state, and relate substantively to poorer outcomes. Although traditionally studied separately, new work points toward the idea that cognition and emotionality are intricately linked within bipolar disorder. Drawing from research within bipolar disorder as well as outside of bipolar disorder, we build a model of how cognition and emotionality might be tied within bipolar disorder. We then provide suggestions for future research. Before considering findings, it is worth noting that there are several forms of th...

show abstract

Section: Cognitive Deficits In Bipolar Disordermentioning

confidence: 86%

Cognitive deficits in bipolar disorders: Implications for emotion

Lima

Peckham

Johnson

2018

Clinical Psychology Review

172

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…2,5,8 Nevertheless, the mechanisms underlying this association are not well understood. 1,2,9 Cognitive dysfunctions are central to schizophrenia and BD, [10][11][12][13] and recent data suggest that the cognitive decline begins in childhood. 14,15 The cognitive impairments that are typically shared by patients with schizophrenia and BD 12,16,17 have a genetic basis, 18,19 which does not preclude environmental influences from further impacting the developmental trajectory.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Childhood abuse and neglect may induce deficits in cognitive precursors of psychosis in high-risk children

Berthelot

Paccalet

Gilbert

et al. 2015

jpn

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Defi cits in the domains of attention, executive function, verbal memory, and working memory (as a set) have been shown to be predictive of reading problems, while attention (alone) is predictive of mathematics problems . It is important to highlight that the general cognitive abilities of youth with bipolar disorder, while lower than the healthy controls (i.e., small to medium effect sizes), were reportedly still in the average range (Nieto & Castellanos, 2011 ). Additionally, methodology may play a role in the results, in that studies with larger samples produced lower effect sizes (particularly with general cognitive ability, verbal memory, and working memory; Joseph et al, 2008 ) and the inclusion criteria used infl uenced fi ndings (e.g., high rates of comorbid ADHD produced larger effect sizes in certain domains; Joseph et al, 2008 ;Nieto & Castellanos, 2011 ).…”

Section: Neuropsychological Correlatesmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…There has been substantial attention regarding the neuropsychological impairments associated with bipolar disorder, although some domains have received more research than others. Several reviews and meta-analyses have been conducted in recent years that indicate defi cits in important neurocognitive domains for youth with bipolar disorder in comparison to healthy controls (see Table 3.2 ; Horn, Roessner, & Holtmann, 2011 ;Joseph, Frazier, Youngstrom, & Soares, 2008 ;Nieto & Castellanos, 2011 ).…”

Section: Neuropsychological Correlatesmentioning

confidence: 99%