A mess of red pottage

Tate, Max E.; Enneking, D.

doi:10.1038/359357a0

Cited by 36 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…This was noteworthy because the Blanche Fleur variety of the common vetch (Vicia sativa), a legume of similar appearance to red lentil but with neurotoxic potential, was sold from Australia for human food use in North Africa and the Middle East contemporaneous with the reported first appearance of Nodding Syndrome in Mundri County in 1991. 40 Vicia sativa contains two pyrimidine cyanogenic gamma-glycosides (vicine and convicine) and beta-glutamyl-gamma-cyanoalanine, a neurotoxic component primarily present in seed as the gamma-glutamyl derivative [41][42][43] . BetaCyanoalanine induces hyperexcitability, convulsions, and rigidity in chicks and rats after oral or intraperitoneal administration, apparently via a glutamatergic action mediated directly or indirectly by neuronal N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors.…”

Section: Other Food Itemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…40 Export of Blanche Fleur from southern Australia grew from 40 tonnes in 1988/89 to more than 9470 tonnes between July 1991 and early May 1992, of which 5600 tonnes were sold as split red vetch, sufficient to provide 56 million 100 gram servings, each of which was estimated (prior to soaking/ cooking) to contain 1 g of neurotoxin. 40 The whole vetch was consigned to Austria, Portugal, Italy, Spain, South Africa, and the USA (where it was used as bird seed) and the split form (for food use) to the Middle East (Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Dubai, Oman, Jordan) and Egypt. The trade in Vicia sativa was discovered in Egypt when a housewife complained about the slow-cooking properties of her "red lentils", which upon investigation proved to be vetch.…”

Section: Other Food Itemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Nodding syndrome in Mundri county, South Sudan: Environmental, nutritional and infectious factors

Spencer¹,

Vandemaele

Richer³

et al. 2013

Afr H. Sci.

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Background: Nodding Syndrome is a seizure disorder of children in Mundri County, Western Equatoria, South Sudan. The disorder is reported to be spreading in South Sudan and northern Uganda. Results: Nodding Syndrome was associated with Onchocerca volvulus and Mansonella perstans infections, with food use of a variety of sorghum (serena) introduced as part of an emergency relief program, and was inversely associated with a history of measles infection. There was no evidence to suggest exposure to a manmade neurotoxic pollutant or chemical agent, other than chemically dressed seed intended for planting but used for food. Food use of cyanogenic plants was documented, and exposure to fungal contaminants could not be excluded. Conclusion: Nodding Syndrome in South Sudan has an unknown etiology. Further research is recommended on the association of Nodding Syndrome with onchocerciasis/mansonelliasis and neurotoxins in plant materials used for food.

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Section: Other Food Itemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Other Food Itemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nodding syndrome in Mundri county, South Sudan: Environmental, nutritional and infectious factors

Spencer¹,

Vandemaele

Richer³

et al. 2013

Afr H. Sci.

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“…The grain is used for feeding ruminants. However, the presence of cyanoalanine toxins in the seeds limits its usefulness in rations for monogastric animals and for human consumption (Tate and Enneking 1992). Common vetch belongs to Vicia sativa aggregate, a complex of six closely related taxa that comprise cultivated, weedy and wild forms (Van de Wouw et al 2001, 2003a.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chromosome analysis and sorting in Vicia sativa using flow cytometry

Kovářová¹,

Navrátilová²,

Macas³

et al. 2007

Biol. plant.

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Procedures were developed for flow cytometric analysis and sorting of mitotic chromosomes (flow cytogenetics) of common vetch (Vicia sativa L., 2n=12). Suspensions of intact chromosomes were prepared from root tips after cell cycle synchronization, formaldehyde fixation, and mechanical homogenization. On average, 3 × 10 5 morphologically intact chromosomes could be isolated from 25 root tips. Flow cytometric analysis of DAPI-stained chromosomes resulted in histograms of relative fluorescence intensity (flow karyotypes) containing four peaks, representing particular chromosomes and/or pairs of chromosomes with similar relative DNA content. Peaks I and II were assigned to chromosomes 6 and 5, respectively. These chromosomes could be sorted with a purity exceeding 90 %. The two remaining peaks on the flow karyotype were composite, each of them representing a pair of chromosomes. Chromosomes 1 and 3 were assigned to composite peak III while chromosomes 2 and 4 were assigned to composite peak IV. The chromosomes could be sorted with a purity of 99 % from both composite peaks. Bivariate flow karyotyping after simultaneous staining of chromosomes with DAPI and mithramycin was not found helpful in discriminating additional chromosomes. This study extends the number of legume species for which flow cytogenetics is available and provides a new tool for targeted and effective analysis and mapping of common vetch genome.

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“…It was shown quantitatively to account for the lethality of diets containing 50% V. sativa given to week-old chickens, and higher doses showed growth retardent effects in rats. Tate & Enneking (1992) pointed out the unsuitability of the V. sativa cultivar Blanche Fleur (which contains 0.5-0.8% N-3,-L-glutamyl-/3-cyano-L-alanine) for human consumption, which at the time was being exported from Australia as a cheap substitute for red lentils (Lens culinaris). Subsequently, the importation of dehulled split Blanche Fleur cotyledons was banned by both India and Egypt.…”

Section: N-0-l-glutamyl-/~-cyano-l-alanine Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Antinutritional Factor ex Vicia sativa L., as its Ammonium Salt IAN M. DELAERE AND MAX E. TATE animal poisoning (Tate & Enneking, 1992). N-'7-LGlutamyl-/3-cyano-L-alanine was first isolated as the major biologically active component from V. sativa L. by Ressler, Nigam & Giza (1969).…”

Section: N-0-l-glutamyl-/~-cyano-l-alanine Anmentioning

confidence: 99%