A membrane-based seawater electrolyser for hydrogen generation

Xie, Heping; Zhao, Zhiyu; Liu, Tao; Wu, Yifan; Cheng, Lan; Jiang, Wenchuan; Zhu, Liangyu; Wang, Yunpeng; Yang, Dongsheng; Shao, Zongping

doi:10.1038/s41586-022-05379-5

Cited by 385 publications

(209 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Hydrogen production via electrochemical water splitting, with merits of high energy density and nonpolluting combustion, is regarded as one of the most attractive alternatives for sustainable and environmental energy future. − Nevertheless, the water splitting efficiency is restricted by slow kinetics of both the anodic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and the cathodic hydrogen evolution (HER). , Especially, the kinetics of the OER process involving four proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) steps and multiple intermediates (*OOH, *O, and *OH) is more sluggish than that of the HER process with two PCET steps and one single intermediate (*H). , Currently, the benchmark catalysts are generally based on precious metals, such as IrO 2 /RuO 2 for the OER and Pt/Pd for the HER. − However, the scarcity of precious metals on earth limits their large-scale applications. To this end, it is highly appealing to develop low-cost yet high-efficient OER and HER catalysts.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Insight into the Mechanism for Catalytic Activity of the Oxygen/Hydrogen Evolution Reaction on a Dual-Site Catalyst

Yao

Zhang

et al. 2023

J. Phys. Chem. Lett.

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The dual-site catalysts consisting of two adjacent single-atom sites on graphene have exhibited promising catalytic activity of the electrochemical oxygen/hydrogen evolution reaction (OER/HER). However, the electrochemical mechanisms of the OER/HER on dual-site catalysts have still been ambiguous. In this work, we employed density functional theory calculations to study the catalytic activity of the OER/HER with a O–O (H–H) direct coupling mechanism on dual-site catalysts. Specifically, these element steps should be classified into two categories: a step evolving proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET step) that needs to be driven by electrode potential and a step without PCET (non-PCET step) that occurs naturally under mild conditions. Our calculated results show that both the maximal free energy change (ΔG Max) contributed by the PCET step and the activity barrier (E a) of the non-PCET step must be examined to evaluate the catalytic activity of the OER/HER on the dual site. Importantly, it is a basically inevitable negative relationship between ΔG Max and E a, which would play a critical role in guiding the rational design of effective dual-site catalysts for electrochemical reactions.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Insight into the Mechanism for Catalytic Activity of the Oxygen/Hydrogen Evolution Reaction on a Dual-Site Catalyst

Yao

Zhang

et al. 2023

J. Phys. Chem. Lett.

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“…Hydrogen gas, a clean, renewable, and economical energy source, has long been regarded as a potential alternative to fossil fuels. [247][248][249] In industry, steamreforming reaction is mainly used to produce hydrogen, which would result in intensive energy consumption and serious environmental problems. In contrast, the electrocatalytic HER is a sustainable and promising way for hydrogen production.…”

Section: Electrocatalysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Defect engineering of two-dimensional materials for advanced energy conversion and storage

2023

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“…Membranes have been serving us well in different sectors such as water purification, gas separation and CO 2 capture [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ], but novel applications are emerging nowadays. Membrane-assisted antisolvent crystallization (MAAC) is a new technique to control antisolvent crystallization.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Key Parameters Impacting the Crystal Formation in Antisolvent Membrane-Assisted Crystallization

et al. 2023

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Antisolvent crystallization is commonly used in the formation of heat-sensitive compounds as it is the case for most active pharmaceutical ingredients. Membranes have the ability to control the antisolvent mass transfer to the reaction medium, providing excellent mixing that inhibits the formation of local supersaturations responsible for the undesired properties of the resulting crystals. Still, optimization of the operating conditions is required. This work investigates the impact of solution velocity, the effect of antisolvent composition, the temperature and gravity, using glycine-water-ethanol as a model crystallization system, and polypropylene flat sheet membranes. Results proved that in any condition, membranes were consistent in providing a narrow crystal size distribution (CSD) with coefficient of variation (CV) in the range of 0.5–0.6 as opposed to 0.7 obtained by batch and drop-by-drop crystallization. The prism-like shape of glycine crystals was maintained as well, but slightly altered when operating at a temperature of 35 °C with the appearance of smoother crystal edges. Finally, the mean crystal size was within 23 to 40 µm and did not necessarily follow a clear correlation with the solution velocities or antisolvent composition, but increased with the application of higher temperature or gravity resistance. Besides, the monoclinic form of α-glycine was perfectly maintained in all conditions. The results at each condition correlated directly with the antisolvent transmembrane flux that ranged between 0.0002 and 0.001 kg/m2. s. In conclusion, membrane antisolvent crystallization is a robust solution offering consistent crystal properties under optimal operating conditions.

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A membrane-based seawater electrolyser for hydrogen generation

Cited by 385 publications

References 38 publications

Insight into the Mechanism for Catalytic Activity of the Oxygen/Hydrogen Evolution Reaction on a Dual-Site Catalyst

Insight into the Mechanism for Catalytic Activity of the Oxygen/Hydrogen Evolution Reaction on a Dual-Site Catalyst

Defect engineering of two-dimensional materials for advanced energy conversion and storage

Key Parameters Impacting the Crystal Formation in Antisolvent Membrane-Assisted Crystallization

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