A Medium for the Selective Isolation of Edwardsiella Ictaluri

Shotts, Emmett B.; Waltman, W. D.

doi:10.7589/0090-3558-26.2.214

Cited by 69 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The E. ictaluri O-chain was found to be an unbranched linear polymer of a repeating tetrasaccharide unit composed of D-glucose, 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-galactose and D-galactose in a 1 : 2 : 1 ratio having the structure: (Vinogradov et al, 2005). Serological analyses using monoclonal antibodies have indicated that E. ictaluri is serologically homogeneous (Bertolini et al, 1990;Shotts & Waltman, 1990), suggesting that there is no variation in the O-PS between E. ictaluri strains.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms of intrinsic resistance to antimicrobial peptides of Edwardsiella ictaluri and its influence on fish gut inflammation and virulence

et al. 2013

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The genus Edwardsiella comprises a genetically distinct taxon related to other members of the family Enterobacteriaceae. It consists of bacteria differing strongly in their biochemical and physiological features, natural habitats, and pathogenic properties. Intrinsic resistance to cationic antimicrobial peptides (CAMPs) is a specific property of the genus Edwardsiella. In particular, Edwardsiella ictaluri, an important pathogen of the catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) aquaculture and the causative agent of a fatal systemic infection, is highly resistant to CAMPs. E. ictaluri mechanisms of resistance to CAMPs are unknown. We hypothesized that E. ictaluri lipopolysaccharide (LPS) plays a role in both virulence and resistance to CAMPs. The putative genes related to LPS oligo-polysaccharide (O-PS) synthesis were in-frame deleted. Individual deletions of wibT, gne and ugd eliminated synthesis of the O-PS, causing auto-agglutination, rough colonies, biofilm-like formation and motility defects. Deletion of ugd, the gene that encodes the UDP-glucose dehydrogenase enzyme responsible for synthesis of UDP-glucuronic acid, causes sensitivity to CAMPs, indicating that UDP-glucuronic acid and its derivatives are related to CAMP intrinsic resistance. E. ictaluri OP-S mutants showed different levels of attenuation, colonization of lymphoid tissues and immune protection in zebrafish (Danio rerio) and catfish. Orally inoculated catfish with O-PS mutant strains presented different degrees of gut inflammation and colonization of lymphoid tissues. Here we conclude that intrinsic resistance to CAMPs is mediated by Ugd enzyme, which has a pleiotropic effect in E. ictaluri influencing LPS synthesis, motility, agglutination, fish gut inflammation and virulence.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms of intrinsic resistance to antimicrobial peptides of Edwardsiella ictaluri and its influence on fish gut inflammation and virulence

et al. 2013

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“…Since the publication of SW medium, there have been important observations on its preparation and use. The original paper gave a percentage of 0.0003% for bromthymol blue, which was subsequently confirmed to be an error and should be 0.003% (Shotts, 1991). Even with the correct percentage, in most instances, the medium is pale yellow at the specified pH of 7.4.…”

Section: Yersinia Ruckerimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Selective and differential media are available to aid with primary isolation of Aeromonas spp. from fish, including Rimler-Shotts (RS; Shotts and Rimler, 1973) and SGAP-10C (starchglutamate-ampicillin-penicillin, 10 mg/L C from glucose; Huguet and Ribas, 1991). SGAP-10C may also be used for isolation and quantification of the organisms from water (Jenkins and Taylor, 1995).…”

Section: Renibacterium Salmoninarummentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This enteric bacterium can be isolated on general media including TSA blood agar or BHIA, or the Edwardsiella isolation medium of Shotts and Waltman (1990). Colistin is the selective agent in EIM, and, if necessary, the authors state that 0.5 mg/ mL Amphotericin B (FungizoneH) could be included in the recipe for selection against fungal contamination.…”

Section: Renibacterium Salmoninarummentioning

confidence: 99%

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General and Specialized Media Routinely Employed for Primary Isolation of Bacterial Pathogens of Fishes

Starliper

2008

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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“…Sex, weight and total body length measurements were recorded, and fish examined for any external or internal gross abnormalities. For bacterial isolation, pooled kidney and spleen tissues from each individual were homogenised and inoculated onto blood agar (BA) and Edwardsiella ictaluri medium (EIM) (Shotts and Waltman 1990). Inoculated plates were couriered in sturdy insulated boxes under ambient temperatures to the Animal Health Laboratories, Department of Agriculture and Food Western Australia, Perth, and incubated at 24°C for 48 to 72 hours.…”

Section: Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Observations on the health of Tandanus tropicanus (Teleostei: Plotosidae) from an Australian river system

Kelly¹,

Gibson-Kueh²,

Ebner³

et al. 2016

Australian Zoologist

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Wild Wet Tropics tandan Tandanus tropicanus were collected from the Bloomfield River, Queensland, for examination by histopathology and bacteriology. This provided an opportunity to establish baseline information on the general health and parasite fauna of native freshwater catfish in a pristine river. Histology of gill tissue revealed epitheliocystis in one fish. This is the first report of epitheliocystis in T. tropicanus. Bacterial culture showed light growth of bacteria from the kidney of only two fish, and these were identified as Aeromonas veronii, A. jandaei and Bacillus/Lactobacillus spp. An unidentified monogenean infection was observed in the gills of four fish, and trematode metacercariae were observed in the extra-ocular tissue of four fish. Nematodes were observed in the tissues of nine fish, and sequence and preliminary phylogenetic analysis of PCR products using an ITS primer suggest that these parasites may be a previously unreported Contracaecum species. benthic habitat. There has been no comprehensive study on the health of any native catfish species in Australia, and therefore there is a lack of baseline reference data on these important freshwater species.As part of a larger study on the health of native catfish in northern Australia, a number of T. tropicanus were collected from the Bloomfield River in northern Queensland. The section of the Bloomfield River in which the catfish were collected is considered to be of high ecological value and effectively unmodified, with no exotic fish species recorded (Burrows 2009; Department of Environment and Resource Management, Queensland Government 2010). This presents a unique opportunity to study the baseline health of a newly described native Australian catfish species (Welsh et al. 2014) in a relatively pristine environment. Materials and Methods SamplingNineteen T. tropicanus were collected from one location on the Bloomfield River (15.9868S, 145.2882E, WGS84) in northern Queensland. Juvenile and adult catfish (6.8-207.8 g and 8-30 cm total length) were collected using single-winged fyke nets set overnight on 9 th and 10 th May, 2014. The catfish were kept in holding nets in the river until they were transported to James Cook University (JCU), Cairns on 11 th May, where they were held in well aerated aquaria, until euthanized immediately before examination on 11 th and 12 th May.Fish were euthanized by being placed into a prolonged anaesthetic bath of isoeugenol (AquiS TM ). Sex, weight and total body length measurements were recorded, and fish examined for any external or internal gross abnormalities. For bacterial isolation, pooled kidney and spleen tissues from each individual were homogenised and inoculated onto blood agar (BA) and Edwardsiella ictaluri medium (EIM) (Shotts and Waltman 1990). Inoculated plates were couriered in sturdy insulated boxes under ambient temperatures to the Animal Health Laboratories, Department of Agriculture and Food Western Australia, Perth, and incubated at 24°C for 48 to 72 hours. Isolates were iden...

show abstract

A Medium for the Selective Isolation of Edwardsiella Ictaluri

Cited by 69 publications

References 6 publications

Mechanisms of intrinsic resistance to antimicrobial peptides of Edwardsiella ictaluri and its influence on fish gut inflammation and virulence

Mechanisms of intrinsic resistance to antimicrobial peptides of Edwardsiella ictaluri and its influence on fish gut inflammation and virulence

General and Specialized Media Routinely Employed for Primary Isolation of Bacterial Pathogens of Fishes

Observations on the health of Tandanus tropicanus (Teleostei: Plotosidae) from an Australian river system

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