A Mean Field Game Approach for Distributed Control of Thermostatic Loads Acting in Simultaneous Energy-Frequency Response Markets

Paola, Antonio De; Trovato, Vincenzo; Angeli, David; Štrbac, Goran

doi:10.1109/tsg.2019.2895247

Cited by 59 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 31 publications

(67 reference statements)

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“…Secondly, there should be a hierarchical relationship in the aspect of priority among interdependent controlled agents, no matter whether this relationship is connatural or given on purpose. For instance, the control of OLTC and elastic loads in [52], smart EV charging in [53], the demand side management of large populations of thermostatically controlled loads [54], and frequency control with energy storage systems in the distribution network [55].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distributed Optimization in Low Voltage Distribution Networks via Broadcast Signals †

Wei¹

2019

Energies

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With the development of distributed energy resources, the low voltage distribution network (LVDN) is supposed to be the integrator of small distributed energy sources. This makes the users in LVDNs multifarious, which leads to more complex modeling. Additionally, data acquisition could be tricky due to rising privacy concerns. These impose severe demands on control schemes in LVDNs that the classical centralized control might not be able to fulfill. To tackle this, a model-free control approach with distributed decision-making architecture is proposed in this paper. Employing statistical methods and game theory, individual users in LVDNs achieve local optimum autonomously. Comparing to conventional approaches applied in LVDNs, the proposed approach is able to achieve active control with less communication burden and computational resources. The paper proves the convergence to the Nash Equilibrium (NE) and uses player compatible relations to form the specific equilibrium. A variant of the log-linear trial and error learning process is applied in a novel "suggest-convince" mechanism to implement the proposed approach. In the case study, a 103 nodes test network based on a real Belgian semiurban LVDN is illustrated. The proposed approach is validated and analyzed with practical load profiles on the 103 nodes network. In addition to that, centralized control is implemented as a benchmark to show the performance of the proposed approach by comparing it with the classical optimization result. The results demonstrate that the proposed approach is able to achieve player compatible equilibrium in an expected way, resulting in a good approximation to the local optimum.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distributed Optimization in Low Voltage Distribution Networks via Broadcast Signals †

Wei¹

2019

Energies

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“…Mean-field games are useful for analyzing the coordination among a large number of agents. For example, Reference [106] proposes to coordinate a large number of thermostatically controlled loads (TCLs) in order to provide frequency response support. The coordination is based on a non-cooperative mean-field game between TCLs that receive two price signals, which are the price of electricity and the price of frequency response availability.…”

Section: Frequency Stabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Applications of Game Theory to Design and Operation of Modern Power Systems: A Comprehensive Review

et al. 2020

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In this work, we review papers that employ game theoretic tools to study the operation and design of modern electric grids. We consider four topics in this context: energy trading, energy balancing, grid planning, and system reliability, and we demonstrate the advantages of using game-theoretic approaches for analyzing complex interactions among independent players. The results and conclusions provide insights regarding many aspects of design and operation, such as efficient methodologies for expansion planning, cyber-security, and frequency stability, or fair-benefit allocation among players. A central conclusion is that modeling the system from the perspective of one entity with unlimited information and control span is often impractical, so correct modeling of the selfish behavior of independent players may be critical for the development of future power systems. Another conclusion is that correct usage of incentives by appropriate regulation or sophisticated pricing mechanisms may improve the social welfare, and, in several cases, the results obtained are as good as those obtained by central planning. Using an extensive content analysis, we point to several trends in the current research and attempt to identify the research directions that are currently at the focus of the community.

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“…Centralized methods for primary frequency support in microgrids are presented in [16] and reward allocation mechanisms are proposed in [17] to enable provision of ancillary services by thermostatically controlled loads. Market frameworks have also been widely investigated for the provision of frequency response [18,19] and reserve services [20][21][22][23]. These papers consider flexible demand that actively participates to ancillary services markets.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These papers consider flexible demand that actively participates to ancillary services markets. However, [18][19][20][21][22][23] do not provide any theoretic guarantee of convergence and optimality of their proposed market setup. Moreover, they generally require demand aggregators to coordinate the individual loads and translate their flexibility into financial rewards.…”

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confidence: 99%

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A game-theoretic approach for price-based coordination of flexible devices operating in integrated energy-reserve markets

Gong

Paola

Angeli

et al. 2019

Energy

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A Mean Field Game Approach for Distributed Control of Thermostatic Loads Acting in Simultaneous Energy-Frequency Response Markets

Cited by 59 publications

References 31 publications

Distributed Optimization in Low Voltage Distribution Networks via Broadcast Signals †

Distributed Optimization in Low Voltage Distribution Networks via Broadcast Signals †

Applications of Game Theory to Design and Operation of Modern Power Systems: A Comprehensive Review

A game-theoretic approach for price-based coordination of flexible devices operating in integrated energy-reserve markets

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