A Mathematical Modeling Analysis of Racism and Corruption Codynamics with Numerical Simulation as Infectious Diseases

Abstract

Racism and corruption are mind infections which affect almost all public and governmental sectors. However, we cannot find enough published literatures on mathematical model analyses of racism and corruption coexistence. In this study, we have contemplated the dynamics of racism and corruption coexistence in communities, using deterministic compartmental model to analyze and suggest proper control strategies to stakeholders. We used qualitative and comprehensive mathematical methods and analyzed both the racism model in the absence of corruption and the corruption model in the absence of racism. We have computed basic reproduction numbers by applying the next generation matrix method. The developed model has a disease-free equilibrium point that is locally asymptotically stable whenever the reproduction number is less than one. Additionally, we have done sensitivity analysis to observe the effect of the parameters on the incidence and transmission of the mind infections that deduce the transmission rates of both the racism and corruption are highly sensitive. The numerical simulation we have simulated showed that the endemic equilibrium point of racism and corruption coexistence model is locally asymptotically stable when max R r , R c > 1 , the effects of parameters on the basic reproduction numbers, and the effect of parameter on the infectious groups. Finally, the stakeholders must focus on minimizing the transmission rates and increasing the recovery (removed) rate for both racism and corruption action which can be considered prevention and controlling strategies.

Appraisal and Simulation on Codynamics of Pneumonia and Meningitis with Vaccination Intervention: From a Mathematical Model Perspective

“…The reproduction number is the number of secondary cases produced by one infectious individual joining in a completely susceptible population during its infectious period [ 15 – 17 ].…”

“…The reproduction number is the average number of people that become infected because of the entry of one infectious person into a completely susceptible population in the absence of intervention. Moreover, reproduction number is utilized to determine the effect of the control measures and to understand the capability of the spread of the infection to disseminate in the entire community when the control strategies are applied [ 15 , 17 , 21 ].…”

“…The reproduction number is the average number of people that become infected because of the entry of one infectious person into a completely susceptible population in the absence of intervention. Moreover, reproduction number is utilized to determine the effect of the control measures and to understand the capability of the spread of the infection to disseminate in the entire community when the control strategies are applied [15,17,21]. The reproduction number of pneumonia and meningitis confection model denoted by R ef f , which is manipulated by the Van den Driesch, Pauline, and James Warmouth next generation matrix approach [20], is the largest eigenvalue of the next generation matrix…”

A nonlinear system dynamics and simulation analysis of fractional order modelling on employees negative attitude towards their workplace with intervention strategies

“…Proof Using equation (10), by positivity Theorem 1 all variables are non-negative, in the absence of negative-attitude, we do have dN dt ≤ ∆ − µN . By the separable method we have dN ∆−µN ≤ dt and after integration, it gives − 1 µ ln(∆ − µN ) ≤ t + c, where c is some constant and after some steps of computations we have determined as 0 ≤ N (t) ≤ ∆ µ which means all possible solutions of the dynamical system with positive initial conditions given in (13)…”

“…Many researchers have applied mathematical modeling to infectious diseases, drug addiction, corruption, racism, the effect of social media, game theory, alcohol addiction, and other real-world situations. Numerous scholars' studies like [7,11,[13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] used the deterministic model approach, [8,9,12,[21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28] used the fractional order model approach to investigate the dynamics of real-world situations.…”