Appraisal and Simulation on Codynamics of Pneumonia and Meningitis with Vaccination Intervention: From a Mathematical Model Perspective

Abstract

The membranes that encompass the brain and spinal cord become inflamed by the potentially fatal infectious disease called pneumococcal meningitis. Pneumonia and meningitis “coinfection” refers to the presence of both conditions in a single host. In this work, we accounted for the dynamics of pneumonia and meningitis coinfection in communities by erroneously using a compartment model to analyze and suggest management techniques to stakeholders. We have used the next generation matrix approach and derived the effective reproduction numbers. When the reproduction number is less than one, the constructed model yields a locally asymptotically stable disease-free equilibrium point. Additionally, we conducted a sensitivity analysis to determine how different factors affected the incidence and transmission rate, which revealed that both the pneumonia and meningitis transmission rates are extremely sensitive. The performance of our numerical simulation demonstrates that the endemic equilibrium point of the pneumonia and meningitis coinfection model is locally asymptotically stable when max R 1 , R 2 > 1 . Finally, as preventative and control measures for the coinfection of pneumonia and meningitis illness, the stakeholders must concentrate on reducing the transmission rates, reducing vaccination wane rates, and boosting the portion of vaccination rates for both pneumonia and meningitis.

A mathematical model for varicella-zoster and HIV co-dynamic supported by numerical simulations

“…It is also the infection of a single host by two or more pathogen variants (strains) or two or more distinct pathogen species. Co-infection with multiple pathogen strains is especially common in pneumonia, but it can occur in a variety of other diseases as well [7][8][9]. Super-infection is described as a subsequent infection with a different strain and the ensuing immune response [9].…”

“…The concept of co-infection extends to the infection of a single host by multiple variants (strains) of a pathogen or even by different species of pathogens. This intricate interplay is particularly prevalent in conditions like pneumonia, and its occurrence is not limited to a specific set of diseases [8].…”

A holistic exploration of the optimal control strategies on an enhanced mathematical model for the co-infection of HIV/AIDS and varicella-zoster

“…The studies carried out in Refs. [ 10 , 13 , 16 , 17 , [19] , [20] , [21] , [22] , [23] , [24] , [25] ], formulated and analyzed the spreading dynamics of infectious diseases using compartmental integer order modeling approach, studies carried out in Refs. [ 18 , [26] , [27] , [28] , [29] , [30] , [31] , [32] ], formulated and examined the spreading dynamics of infectious diseases using fractional order modeling approach.…”

A mathematical model to restrain pneumonia spread in children under five years considering nutritional status, household air pollution, vaccination, and health monitoring

“…Research related to the mathematical modeling of the spread of pneumonia was carried out considering the infection rate of afflicted individuals during treatment [9], Kizito & Tumwiine (2018) explored a model of pneumonia spread involving treatment and vaccination [10], while G.T. Tilahun, O.D Makinde, and David Malonza investigated optimal control of pneumonia spread with effective financing strategies [11], along with other studies [12]- [18]. Currently, no mathematical modeling research explains the impact of malnutrition and household air pollution on pneumonia spread.…”