A maternal low-protein diet and neonatal overnutrition result in similar changes to glomerular morphology and renal cortical oxidative stress measures in male Wistar rats

Abstract

There is a strong correlation between inadequate gestational and postpartum nutrition with the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases. The present study investigates the effects of maternal low-protein and neonatal overfeeding on the oxidative balance and morphology of the renal cortex of male Wistar rats. Two independent protocols were used. First, pregnant Wistar rats received diets containing either 17% (normal protein) or 8% (low protein) casein throughout pregnancy and lactation. Second, the litter size was reduced by one-third on the third postnatal day to induce overnourishment in offspring. In experimental age, the oxidative balance and morphology of the renal cortex analyses were performed in the kidney cortex. Results showed small but significant increase in renal corpuscle area in low protein (LP, 5%) and overnutrition (ON, 8%). Glomerular tuft area also increases in LP (6%) and ON (9%), as did glomerular cellularity (LP +11% and ON, +12%). In the oxidative stress analyses, both nutritional insult significantly elevated lipid peroxidation (LP +18% and ON +135%) and protein oxidation (LP +40% and ON, +65%), while significantly reducing non-enzymatic antioxidant defenses measured by reduced glutathione (LP, -32%; ON, -45%) and total thiol content (LP, -28%; ON, -24%), respectively. In enzymatic defense we observe decrease in superoxide dismutase (LP -78% and ON -51%), catalase (LP -18% and ON -61%) and GST (only in ON -44%). Our results demonstrate that nutritional insults, even those of a very different nature, occurring during perinatal development can result in similar changes in oxidative parameters and glomerular morphology in the renal cortex.

Effects of a Mixed Limosilactobacillus fermentum Formulation with Claimed Probiotic Properties on Cardiometabolic Variables, Biomarkers of Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Male Rats Fed a High-Fat Diet

“…Heart and colon tissues were homogenized using a cold buffer solution (50 mM Tris and 1 mM EDTA (pH 7.4), 1 mM sodium orthogonadate and 200 μg/mL of phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride) with an IKA RW 20 digital homogenizer, a Potter–Elvehjem pestle and glass tubes on ice. Homogenates were centrifuged (1.180 g, 10 min, 4 °C) [ 24 ] and levels of proteins were determined using the Bradford protocol [ 25 ]. The homogenates of heart and colon tissues (0.3 mg/mL) were used to measure the lipid peroxidation, enzymatic activities and total thiol contents.…”

Limosilactobacillus fermentum prevents gut-kidney oxidative damage and the rise in blood pressure in male rat offspring exposed to a maternal high-fat diet

“…Homogenates were centrifuged (1,180 g, 10 min, 4 °C). 19 Protein contents were determined with Bradford protocol. 20…”

Cardiovascular and renal profiles in rat offspring that do not undergo catch-up growth after exposure to maternal protein restriction

“…The offspring of this protocol have a significantly more favourable cardiovascular and renal phenotype than models of material protein restriction followed by catch-up growth. 18,[54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65] Without an experimental group exposed to a diet that would promote catch-up growth, we are unable to draw conclusions regarding the specific impact of catch-up growth on adult cardiovascular and renal function. Nevertheless, our current finding complement those of Howie et al 66 They proposed that, in models of maternal undernutrition (caloric restriction), there are crucial periods of development where maternal caloric restriction may have the most significant (and deleterious) effects on offspring health.…”