A Match Made by Modafinil: Probability Matching in Choice Decisions and Spatial Attention

Geng, Joy J.; Soosman, Steffan K.; Sun, Yile; DiQuattro, Nicholas E.; Stankevitch, Beth; Minzenberg, Michael

doi:10.1162/jocn_a_00333

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 100 publications

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“…For the first 200 trials, the stimulus was presented at one location 70% of the time; in the second 200 trials, the stimulus was presented in either location 50% of the time. Modafinil intake was found to improve the rate at which subjects learnt the spatial probabilities underlying their choices, again attributed to an enhancement of executive functions with more accurate orientation of attention as a corollary (Geng et al, 2013).…”

Section: Complex Tasksmentioning

confidence: 91%

Modafinil for cognitive neuroenhancement in healthy non-sleep-deprived subjects: A systematic review

Battleday

Brem

2015

European Neuropsychopharmacology

168

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Section: Complex Tasksmentioning

confidence: 91%

Modafinil for cognitive neuroenhancement in healthy non-sleep-deprived subjects: A systematic review

Battleday

Brem

2015

European Neuropsychopharmacology

168

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“…These findings suggest that reward learning creates an unusually persistent change in attentional priority that is biased in favor of formerly reward associated features even when no longer predictive of reward. Moreover, this change in priority is highly resistant to extinction, similar to the persistent effects of spatial probabilities on attention (Geng et al, 2013;Jiang, Swallow, & Rosenbaum, 2013a;Jiang, Swallow, Rosenbaum, et al, 2013b).…”

Section: Can Guide Visualmentioning

confidence: 85%

The persistence of value-driven attention capture is task-dependent

Milner

MacLean

Giesbrecht

2023

Atten Percept Psychophys

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Visual features previously associated with reward can capture attention even when task-irrelevant, a phenomenon known as value-driven attention capture (VDAC). VDAC persists without reinforcement, unlike other forms of learning, where removing reinforcement typically leads to extinction. In five experiments, factors common to many studies were manipulated to examine their impact on VDAC and its extinction. All experiments included learning and test phases. During learning, participants completed a visual search task during which one of two target colors was associated with a reward, and the other with no reward. During test, 1 week later, participants completed another visual search task in which the reward association was not reinforced. When a rewarded feature remained task-relevant (Experiment 1), VDAC was observed. When the rewarded feature was made task-irrelevant (Experiments 2–5) there was no evidence of a VDAC effect, except when the target feature was physically salient and there was a reduction in the frequency of exposure to the reward-associated feature (Experiment 5). We failed to find evidence of VDAC in Experiments 2–4, suggesting that VDAC may depend on the demands of the task resulting in vulnerability to VDAC. When VDAC was observed, extinction was also observed. This indicates that VDAC is subject to extinction as would be expected from an effect driven by reinforcement learning.

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“…These findings suggest that reward learning creates an unusually persistent change in attentional priority that is biased in favor of formerly reward associated features even when no longer PERSISTENCE OF VALUE-DRIVEN ATTENTION CAPTURE 6 predictive of reward. Moreover, this change in priority is highly resistant to extinction, similar to the persistent effects of spatial probabilities on attention (Geng et al, 2013;Jiang et al, 2013aJiang et al, , 2013b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 82%

The persistence of value-driven attention capture is task-dependent

Milner¹,

MacLean²,

Giesbrecht³

2020

Preprint

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Visual features previously associated with reward can automatically capture attention even when task-irrelevant, a phenomenon known as value-driven attention capture (VDAC, Anderson et al., 2011b). VDAC persists without reinforcement, unlike other forms of learning where removing reinforcement typically leads to extinction (Pavlov, 1927). This study examined the conditions under which VDAC could be extinguished. In four experiments, factors known to affect attention were manipulated to examine their impact on VDAC and its extinction. All experiments included learning and test phases. During learning, participants completed a visual search task during which one of two target colors was associated with a reward, and the other with no reward. During test, one week later, participants completed another visual search task during which the reward association was not reinforced. The task during test had twice as many exposures to the rewarded feature than during learning to ensure a sufficient number of exposures to observe extinction. When a rewarded feature remained task-relevant (Exp. 1), the capture effect was reduced, but extinction was not complete. When a rewarded feature was made task-irrelevant (Exp. 2) there was no evidence of extinction. When the frequency of exposure to the task-irrelevant rewarded feature was reduced (Exp. 4), VDAC also persisted. A physically salient target (Exp. 3) resulted in the fastest rate of VDAC extinction. These findings demonstrate that the extinction of VDAC depends on various factors that affect priority for attention, especially those that bias attention away from reward-associated features.

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A Match Made by Modafinil: Probability Matching in Choice Decisions and Spatial Attention

Cited by 9 publications

References 100 publications

Modafinil for cognitive neuroenhancement in healthy non-sleep-deprived subjects: A systematic review

Modafinil for cognitive neuroenhancement in healthy non-sleep-deprived subjects: A systematic review

The persistence of value-driven attention capture is task-dependent

The persistence of value-driven attention capture is task-dependent

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