Modafinil for cognitive neuroenhancement in healthy non-sleep-deprived subjects: A systematic review

Battleday, Ruairidh M.; Brem, Anna‐Katharine

doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2015.07.028

Cited by 168 publications

(95 citation statements)

References 70 publications

(128 reference statements)

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“…Previous studies consistently reported improvements in planning accuracy with single-dose modafinil in healthy volunteers (10, 11, 12, 13, 14). However, modafinil did not have a significant effect on planning accuracy or speed in the current study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

“…However, there were no effects on attention and planning. It has been reported that modafinil can improve forms of cognition in both healthy volunteers and people with cognitive impairment owing to psychiatric conditions (11, 12, 13, 14, 15). Findings from the current study indicate that modafinil can also improve domains of cognition in those with remitted depression.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To date, only one open-label study has measured cognitive performance and demonstrated improvement with modafinil augmentation in an executive function task (10). Over the past 2 decades, the cognition-enhancing potential of modafinil has been shown for various domains of cognitive performance in healthy volunteers (11, 12, 13). Modafinil also improved cognitive dysfunction in other psychiatric conditions, including attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (14) and schizophrenia (15).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modafinil Improves Episodic Memory and Working Memory Cognition in Patients With Remitted Depression: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study

Kaser

Deakin

Michael

et al. 2017

Biological Psychiatry: Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging

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BackgroundCognitive dysfunction is a core feature of depression and tends to persist even after mood symptoms recover, leading to detrimental effects on clinical and functional outcomes. However, most currently available treatments have not typically addressed cognition. Modafinil has been shown to have beneficial effects on cognitive function and therefore has the potential to improve cognition in depression. The objective of this double-blind, placebo-controlled study was to investigate the effects of modafinil on cognitive functions in patients with remitted depression.MethodsIn total, 60 patients with remitted depression participated in the study. Cognitive functions were evaluated with tests of working memory, planning, attention, and episodic memory from the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery at the baseline session and after treatment. A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel groups design was used to assess the effects of single-dose (200 mg) modafinil (n = 30) or placebo (n = 30) on cognition and fatigue. The main outcome measures were neurocognitive test scores from the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery. Visual analogue scales for subjective feelings and fatigue were used as secondary measures.ResultsThe modafinil group had significantly better performance on tests of episodic memory (p = .01, ηp2 = .10) and working memory (p = .04, ηp2 = .06). Modafinil did not improve planning or sustained attention.ConclusionsThis study suggested that modafinil (200 mg) could improve episodic memory and working memory performance in patients with remitted depression. Modafinil may have potential as a therapeutic agent to help remitted depressed patients with persistent cognitive difficulties.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modafinil Improves Episodic Memory and Working Memory Cognition in Patients With Remitted Depression: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study

Kaser

Deakin

Michael

et al. 2017

Biological Psychiatry: Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging

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“…The drug activates brain areas involved in the control of arousal state through dopaminergic, orexinergic [4, 5], and histaminergic [6] neurotransmitter pathways, and the sympathetic nervous system. Recent studies on modafinil, in addition to a reduction in daytime sleepiness, have also demonstrated a spate of neurological effects such as cognitive enhancement and antidepressant effects [7, 8]. These multifarious actions of modafinil led us to hypothesize that it could affect ventilation [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disharmony between wake- and respiration-promoting activities: effects of modafinil on ventilatory control in rodents

et al. 2016

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BackgroundModafinil is a wake-promoting drug and has been widely used for daytime sleepiness in patients with narcolepsy and other sleep disorders. A recent case series reported that daily oral modafinil alleviated hypercapnic respiratory failure in patients with COPD. However, the precise action of modafinil on respiration such as hypercapnic and/or hypoxic ventilatory responses remains unclear. The aim of this study is to clarify the effect of modafinil on the ventilatory control.MethodsWe investigated the hypothesis that modafinil enhances resting ventilation as well as the stimulatory ventilatory responses to hypercapnia and hypoxia. We addressed the issue by examining minute ventilation, respiratory rate and volume components using plethysmography, combined with a concurrent EEG monitoring of the level of wakefulness before and after administration of modafinil in two doses of 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg in unanesthetized mice. In addition, we monitored the effect of the lower dose of modafinil on mice locomotor activity in a freely moving condition by video-recording.ResultsWakefulness, locomotor activity and variability of the breathing pattern in tidal volume were promoted by both doses of modafinil. Neither dose of modafinil increased the absolute values of resting ventilation or promoted the ventilatory responses to hypercapnia and hypoxia. Rather, higher dose of modafinil slightly suppressed respiratory rate in room air condition.ConclusionsModafinil is conducive to the state of wakefulness but does not augment resting ventilation or the hyperventilatory responses to chemical stimuli in unanesthetized rodents.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12931-016-0466-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…Notably, neuro-enhancement is not only suggested to have the potential to influence cognitive facilities (e.g., memory and attention), but also physical capacities (e.g., muscle strength and sleep), affective states (e.g., moods and emotions) and even social and moral competencies (e.g., moral decision-making) (Nagel, 2010a). There is mixed data on the veracity of these claimed effects (de Jongh et al, 2008;Repantis et al, 2009Repantis et al, , 2010Battleday and Brem, 2015). However, it is important to note that while the effectiveness and scientific validity of many neuro-enhancement applications remain uncertain, their popularity and cultural prominence mean that they merit ethical scrutiny irrespective of whether they actually are effective.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuro-Enhancement Practices across the Lifecourse: Exploring the Roles of Relationality and Individualism

O’Connor

Nagel

2017

Front. Sociol.

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One key theme in sociological analysis of neuro-enhancement has been the question of whether the drive for enhancement promotes the cultural value of individualism. It has been argued that neuro-enhancement discourses implicitly propagate new responsibilities that oblige individuals to continually "work on" their brain to ensure its health and productivity. However, much of this critique relies on rather abstract analyses of discursive trends, with relatively little consideration of empirical evidence illuminating the role played by more "micro" social dynamics, such as interpersonal relationships, in the logics and practices of neuro-enhancement. This article proposes a novel perspective on neuro-enhancement by reviewing existing empirical literature enlightening everyday engagements with neuro-enhancement, and suggesting that relationality, rather than pure individualism, may be a better framework for conceptualizing these findings. The article advances this argument through a particular focus on two major preoccupations of neuro-enhancement discourses, namely, enhancing children's brains and preventing age-related cognitive deterioration. The article synthesizes the empirical evidence showing that these two concerns are essentially relational in experience and considers how familial relationships and conceptualizations of caregiving shape the ways neuro-enhancement concepts and technologies unfold in everyday life. The article offers insights from the philosophical literature on relationality as a conceptual framework to steer further investigation of neuro-enhancement's impact on contemporary society. A more holistic understanding of the relational dynamics that characterize everyday engagement with neuro-enhancement practices will enable better anticipation of the risks and benefits such practices may entail, due to greater insight into how they are likely to be enacted in context.

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Modafinil for cognitive neuroenhancement in healthy non-sleep-deprived subjects: A systematic review

Cited by 168 publications

References 70 publications

Modafinil Improves Episodic Memory and Working Memory Cognition in Patients With Remitted Depression: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study

Modafinil Improves Episodic Memory and Working Memory Cognition in Patients With Remitted Depression: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study

Disharmony between wake- and respiration-promoting activities: effects of modafinil on ventilatory control in rodents

Neuro-Enhancement Practices across the Lifecourse: Exploring the Roles of Relationality and Individualism

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