A magneto-electro-optical effect in a plasmonic nanowire material

Valente, J.; Ou, Jun‐Yu; Plum, Eric; Youngs, I.; Zheludev, Nikolay I.

doi:10.1038/ncomms8021

Cited by 124 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…[45][46][47] We perform full-wave calculation (CST Microwave Studio) of the optical response of a 2D infinite periodic array composed of silicon (ε Si = 12.15) meta-atoms supported by silicon nitride (ε Si3N4 = 3.92) nanobeams, as shown in Figure 4a. The optical forces acting on the two types of meta-atoms are calculated based on the Maxwell stress tensor.…”

Section: Proposed Implementation In Opticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polarization‐Induced Chirality in Metamaterials via Optomechanical Interaction

Liu

Powell

Guo

et al. 2016

Advanced Optical Materials

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manipulate the optical chiral effect, i.e., to not only control the strength but also the sign of chirality over the entire resonance band, one needs to dynamically and spatially control the structural symmetry at the subwavelength scale. This becomes challenging for metamaterial structures operating at infrared or optical frequencies, and introducing dielectrics to avoid the high losses of metals further increases the demands on the design.One of the promising approaches for reconfiguring all-dielectric metamaterials and metasurfaces is to exploit optomechanical effects. [27][28][29][30][31][32] As has been shown in the previous studies, the direction of an optical force acting on optomechanical structures is determined by the symmetry of the eigenmode profiles; [33][34][35] to generate an optical force acting in a certain direction, one needs to break the structural symmetry in that direction [28,31,36] -this is the case when the internal optical force of the system, originating from the near-field interaction within the system, dominates.However, in open systems like metamaterials, in addition to the internal force, there is also a non-negligible external force due to the interaction of incident light and the system, and the latter can be designed to be much stronger than the former. Importantly, since the external force has many degrees of freedom controlled by the incident wave, it provides a new possibility to generate an optical force and even to control its direction without the restrictions imposed by structural symmetry.Here, we introduce an optomechanical paradigm that allows full spatial control of metamaterials and metasurfaces working at infrared and optical frequencies. First, we show analytically that for a general two-resonator coupled system, the optical forces acting on the two resonators are asymmetric as long as the incident field can simultaneously excite the two normal modes of the system, i.e., the symmetric and antisymmetric modes. We propose a simple system based on nonparallel coupled dipole meta-atoms, which is inherently achiral (mirror symmetric). We show analytically and numerically that due to the interaction and the collective enhancement in the array structure, the external force acting on the dipole metaatoms can become highly asymmetric if the incident polarization explicitly breaks the mirror symmetry of the system, i.e., when it is not aligned with the symmetry axes of the system or becomes circularly polarized. This relative force is maximized around the antisymmetric mode, where the unusual phase response of the coupled meta-atoms leads to optical forces A novel type of metamaterial is introduced, where the structural symmetry can be controlled by optical forces. Since symmetry sets fundamental bounds on the optical response, symmetry breaking changes the properties of metamaterials qualitatively over the entire resonant frequency band. This is achieved by a polarized pump beam, exerting optical forces which are not constrained by the structural symmetry. This new concept ...

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Section: Proposed Implementation In Opticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polarization‐Induced Chirality in Metamaterials via Optomechanical Interaction

Liu

Powell

Guo

et al. 2016

Advanced Optical Materials

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“…As substantial efforts are now focused on developing metamaterials with switchable 11, 12 and reconfigurable metadevices 13 driven by thermal 14,15 , electrostatic 16 and magnetic forces 17,18 and stretching 19 , and we are witnessing the emergence of concepts of randomly accessible reconfigurable metamaterials in the microwave 20,21,22 and optical regions of the spectrum 23, 24 thus making reconfigurable photonic devices 2 controllable by external signals a realistic possibility. Here we introduce and demonstrate dynamic photonic components written into a dielectric film that can be randomly and reversibly reconfigured with light.…”

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confidence: 99%

Optically reconfigurable metasurfaces and photonic devices based on phase change materials

et al. 2015

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Photonic components with adjustable parameters, such as variable-focal-length lenses or spectral filters, that can change functionality upon optical stimulation, could offer numerous useful applications. Tuning of such components is conventionally achieved by either micro-or nano-mechanical actuation of their constitutive parts, by stretching or heating. Here we report a new type of dielectric metasurface for making reconfigurable optical components that are created with light in a non-volatile and reversible fashion. Such components are written, erased and re-written as two-dimensional binary or grey-scale patterns into a nanoscale film of phase change material by inducing a refractive-index-changing phase-transition with tailored trains of femtosecond pulses. We combine germanium-antimony-tellurium-based films with a sub-wavelength-resolution optical writing process to demonstrate a variety of devices: visible-range reconfigurable bi-chromatic and multi-focus Fresnel zone-plates, a super-oscillatory lens with sub-wavelength focus, a grey-scale hologram and a dielectric metamaterial with on-demand reflection and transmission resonances.A metasurface made of carefully designed discrete metallic or dielectric elements can exhibit interesting abilities for directing the flow of electromagnetic radiation across the entire electromagnetic spectrum with similar capabilities to planar holograms in optics 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10 . As substantial efforts are now focused on developing metamaterials with switchable 11, 12 and reconfigurable metadevices 13 driven by thermal 14,15 , electrostatic 16 and magnetic forces 17,18 and stretching 19 , and we are witnessing the emergence of concepts of randomly accessible reconfigurable metamaterials in the microwave 20,21,22 and optical regions of the spectrum 23, 24 thus making reconfigurable photonic devices 2 controllable by external signals a realistic possibility. Here we introduce and demonstrate dynamic photonic components written into a dielectric film that can be randomly and reversibly reconfigured with light. Recent work demonstrated control of a metamaterial with light 25 . In contrast, the technique reported here allows random and non-volatile two-dimensional control of optical properties of the film with diffraction-limited resolution and in a femtosecond (fs) time-frame. This provides much more flexibility and allows the creation of various photonic functions difficult or impossible with the above mentioned technologies. The randomly reconfigurable metasurface uses phase-change material and is written, erased and re-written as a two-dimensional binary or grey-scale pattern into a nanoscale thin film by inducing a refractive-index-changing phase-transition with tailored trains of femtosecond pulses.We use phase-change medium, the chalcogenide compound Ge 2 Sb 2 Te 5 (GST), which is widely exploited in rewritable optical disk storage technology and non-volatile electronic memories due to its good thermal stability, high switching speed and large number of achievable rewr...

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“…Such modification can be obtain by various mechanisms-thermal effects [130][131][132], electric and magnetic fields [133][134][135][136][137][138][139][140][141][142][143], liquid crystals (LC) [144], nonlinear optical effects [145,146], mechanical strain [147][148][149], and free carriers injection [150]. Of particular great potential is the usage of phase changing materials (PCMs) which exhibit temperature-dependent transition from dielectric to metallic properties at room temperature [151][152][153][154][155][156].…”

Section: Discussion Outlook and Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metasurfaces-based holography and beam shaping: engineering the phase profile of light

Scheuer

2016

Nanophotonics

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Abstract:The ability to engineer and shape the phase profile of optical beams is in the heart of any optical element. Be it a simple lens or a sophisticated holographic element, the functionality of such components is dictated by their spatial phase response. In contrast to conventional optical components which rely on thickness variation to induce a phase profile, metasurfaces facilitate the realization of arbitrary phase distributions using large arrays with subwavelength and ultrathin (tens of nanometers) features. Such components can be easily realized using a single lithographic step and is highly suited for patterning a variety of substrates, including nonplanar and soft surfaces. In this article, we review the recent developments, potential, and opportunities of metasurfaces applications. We focus primarily on flat optical devices, holography, and beam-shaping applications as these are the key ingredients needed for the development of a new generation of optical devices which could find widespread applications in photonics.

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A magneto-electro-optical effect in a plasmonic nanowire material

Cited by 124 publications

References 31 publications

Polarization‐Induced Chirality in Metamaterials via Optomechanical Interaction

Polarization‐Induced Chirality in Metamaterials via Optomechanical Interaction

Optically reconfigurable metasurfaces and photonic devices based on phase change materials

Metasurfaces-based holography and beam shaping: engineering the phase profile of light

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