A Mach-Zehnder Modulator Bias Controller Based on OMA and Average Power Monitoring

Kim, Min-Hyeong; Yu, Byung-Min; Choi, Woo-Young

doi:10.1109/lpt.2017.2762331

Cited by 25 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Various bias control schemes have been proposed and can be classified into three types depending on the bias drift extraction methods: output power monitoring method [63,64] , dithering method (or pilot tone method) [50,62,65] , and optical modulation amplitude (OMA) monitoring method [66,67] . The general models of these bias control schemes are shown in Fig.…”

Section: Feedback Bias Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards electronic-photonic-converged thermo-optic feedback tuning

Tan¹,

Ye²,

Ming³

et al. 2021

J. Semicond.

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As Moore’s law approaching its end, electronics is hitting its power, bandwidth, and capacity limits. Photonics is able to overcome the performance limits of electronics but lacks practical photonic register and flexible control. Combining electronics and photonics provides the best of both worlds and is widely regarded as an important post-Moore’s direction. For stability and dynamic operations considerations, feedback tuning of photonic devices is required. For silicon photonics, the thermo-optic effect is the most frequently used tuning mechanism due to the advantages of high efficiency and low loss. However, it brings new design requirements, creating new design challenges. Emerging applications, such as optical phased array, optical switches, and optical neural networks, employ a large number of photonic devices, making PCB tuning solutions no longer suitable. Electronic-photonic-converged solutions with compact footprints will play an important role in system scalability. In this paper, we present a unified model for thermo-optic feedback tuning that can be specialized to different applications, review its recent advances, and discuss its future trends.

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Section: Feedback Bias Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards electronic-photonic-converged thermo-optic feedback tuning

Tan¹,

Ye²,

Ming³

et al. 2021

J. Semicond.

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show abstract

“…3): a) Clipping effect: To provide a Mach-Zehnder modulator (MZM) with a maximum undistorted optical modulation amplitude, the modulation amplitude should be located in the linear region of the modulation curve while the optimal bias voltage point should be located at the quadrature point of the cosine modulation curve [19]. When bias voltage drifts as a result objective factors, the modulated electrical signal amplitude will leave the linear region, resulting in a non-equidistant signal output level, or clipping effect [20]. b) Pattern effect: The electro-optic (EO) bandwidth of a modulator is determined by the material constituting the active region [21].…”

Section: Impairment Characteristics Caused By Imperfect System Componmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive Eye Diagram Analysis: A Transfer Learning Approach

Wang

et al. 2019

IEEE Photonics J.

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A deep transfer learning (TL)-based comprehensive eye diagram analysis and diagnosis scheme that can output essential eye diagram parameters, estimate fiber link length, calculate Q-factor, and diagnose device imperfection-induced impairments is proposed. TL can be used to extract system information and optical signal characteristics contained in eye diagrams and apply the learned knowledge and extracted features obtained from source tasks to related target tasks. As a source task, the proposed method estimates the transmission distance of a fiber link using convolutional neural network (CNN)based eye diagram recognition. The feature extraction layers of the CNN are transferred to six target tasks involving the recognition of cross percentage, levels "0" and "1," eye height and width, and Q-factor. Using TL reduces the total training times for on-off keying (OOK) and pulse amplitude modulation (PAM4) formats by >95% and 60%, respectively. We also investigated six common PAM4 impairments caused by transmitter imperfection by setting the impairment category identification as source task and the impairment-degree diagnoses as target tasks. The TL methods consistently outperformed non-TL methods, with higher accuracies and significantly reduced training times. The proposed impairment diagnosis technique should be useful in impairment healing and fault correction.

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“…There are primarily two types of MZM bias control methods: one that utilizes optical power monitoring and the other that utilizes a dither signal. In the former case [23][24][25], the input and output power or their ratio are used as the feedback signal. In the latter case [26][27][28], a dithering signal is used to generate the first-and secondorder harmonics, and, subsequently, the bias voltage is controlled according to their power ratio.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arbitrary bias control of LiNbO3 based Mach-Zehnder Intensity Modulators for QKD system

Teng

Wang

Yin

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Quantum key distribution (QKD) can help distant agents to share unconditional secret keys, andthe achievable secret key rate can be enhanced with the help of decoy-state protocol. To implementQKD experimentally, the agents are supposed to accurately transmit a number of different intensitypulses with the LiNbO3 based Mach-Zehnder (LNMZ) intensity modulator. However, the bias driftof LNMZ intensity modulator may affect the performance of a QKD system. In this letter, we reveala simple RC circuit model to demonstrate the bias drift in the LNMZ intensity modulator. Andbased on the model, we propose a multi-step bias stable scheme to control the bias working point.Experimental result shows that our scheme can eliminate the bias drift of at arbitrary working pointwithin a long time range. Besides, there is no need of any feedback mechanisms in the scheme. Thismeans our scheme will not lead to any increasement in system complexity, making it more suitablefor a QKD system.

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A Mach-Zehnder Modulator Bias Controller Based on OMA and Average Power Monitoring

Cited by 25 publications

References 9 publications

Towards electronic-photonic-converged thermo-optic feedback tuning

Towards electronic-photonic-converged thermo-optic feedback tuning

Comprehensive Eye Diagram Analysis: A Transfer Learning Approach

Arbitrary bias control of LiNbO3 based Mach-Zehnder Intensity Modulators for QKD system

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