A lysozyme in the salivary glands of the malaria vector <i>Anopheles darlingi</i>

Moreira-Ferro, C K; Daffre, Sirlei; James, Anthony A.; Marinotti, Osvaldo

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2583.1998.00067.x

Cited by 55 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…These families include defensin and cecropin, which are the only classes of antimicrobial peptides so far reported in mosquitoes (10)(11)(12)(13)(14). Mosquitoes also contain genes encoding lysozyme (15)(16)(17). In A. gambiae three antimicrobial peptides, one defensin (11) and two isoforms of cecropin A (14), have been characterized.…”

Section: T He Mosquito Anopheles Gambiae Is the Major Vector Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gambicin: A novel immune responsive antimicrobial peptide from the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae

Vizioli

Bulet

Hoffmann

et al. 2001

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

175

136

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A novel mosquito antimicrobial peptide, gambicin, and the corresponding gene were isolated in parallel through differential display-PCR, an expressed sequence tag (EST) project, and characterization of an antimicrobial activity in a mosquito cell line by reverse-phase chromatography. The 616-bp gambicin ORF encodes an 81-residue protein that is processed and secreted as a 61-aa mature peptide containing eight cysteines engaged in four disulfide bridges. Gambicin lacks sequence homology with other known proteins. Like other Anopheles gambiae antimicrobial peptide genes, gambicin is induced by natural or experimental infection in the midgut, fatbody, and hemocyte-like cell lines. Within the midgut, gambicin is predominantly expressed in the anterior part. Both local and systemic gambicin expression is induced during early and late stages of natural malaria infection. In vitro experiments showed that the 6.8-kDa mature peptide can kill both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, has a morphogenic effect on a filamentous fungus, and is marginally lethal to Plasmodium berghei ookinetes. An oxidized form of gambicin isolated from the cell line medium was more active against bacteria than the nonoxidized form from the same medium.Anopheles gambiae ͉ antimicrobial peptide ͉ innate immunity ͉ malaria

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Section: T He Mosquito Anopheles Gambiae Is the Major Vector Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gambicin: A novel immune responsive antimicrobial peptide from the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae

Vizioli

Bulet

Hoffmann

et al. 2001

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

175

136

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Lysozymes are also recorded in the pericardial cells of M. sexta (Russell & Dunn, 1990), mid gut of several Diptera, such as, Anastrepha fraterculus (Lemos & Terra, 1991), Drosophila melanogaster (Kylsten et al, 1992;Daffre et al, 1994) and Musca domestica (Lemos & Terra, 1991;Cançado et al, 2008), salivary glands of Anopheles darlingi (Moreira-Ferro et al, 1998), D. melanogaster (Kylsten et al, 1992), Helicoverpa zea (Liu et al, 2004), Reticulitermes speratus (Fujita et al, 2002) and eggs of Anthonomus grandis (Ourth & Jones, 1980) and Ceratitis capitata (Fernandez-Sousa et al, 1977).…”

Section: Site Of Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibacterial activity of lysozyme in the desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria (Orthoptera: Acrididae)

Mohamed¹,

Elmogy²,

Dorrah³

et al. 2013

Eur. J. Entomol.

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Abstract. The ability of biocontrol agents to overcome the immune defense of pests is a crucial issue. This is the first study of lysozyme activity as an inducible humoral component of the defense of Schistocerca gregaria, which depends on the recognition of the elicitor molecules of pathogens and not on epidermal wounding or a spiking effect. The level of lysozyme activity in fat body, haemocytes and haemolymph plasma of naïve and immunologically challenged 5 th instar S. gregaria was evaluated using the zone of inhibition test against Micrococcus lysodeikticus. Various Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria as well as peptidoglycans (PGN) and lipopolysacchrides (LPS) of bacterial cell walls induce and increase in the level of lysozyme activity. Escherichia coli induced an increase in the level of activity of lysozyme in the fat body, haemocytes and plasma, but not in mid gut epithelium, 6-12 h after an immunological challenge and then it decreased to the constitutive level after 72 h. This study revealed that in S. gregaria there is a constitutive and a bacteria-inducible level of lysozyme activity, which protects it against infection by both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria.

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“…Lysozyme activity was previously shown to be abundant in salivary glands of both male and female mosquitoes, where it may help contain microbial growth in stored sugar meals (Moreira-Ferro et al, 1998;Rossignol and Lueders, 1986). Two lectin-coding genes were also identified as expressed in the salivary glands: (1) a C-type lectin, found through a match to the 3Ј-UTR of an mRNA coding for a putative protein with PFAM and SMART domains, indicating this type of lectin, corresponding to ENSANGP00000020547, and (2) galectin, found by one EST match, corresponding to ENSANGP00000026948.…”

Section: Immunity-related Gene Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An updated catalogue of salivary gland transcripts in the adult female mosquito,Anopheles gambiae

Arcà

Lombardo

Valenzuela

et al. 2005

Journal of Experimental Biology

171

311

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Salivary glands of blood-sucking arthropods contain a variety of compounds that prevent platelet and clotting functions and modify inflammatory and immunological reactions in the vertebrate host. In mosquitoes, only the adult female takes blood meals, while both sexes take sugar meals. With the recent description of the Anopheles gambiae genome, and with a set of ~3000 expressed sequence tags from a salivary gland cDNA library from adult female mosquitoes, we attempted a comprehensive description of the salivary transcriptome of this most important vector of malaria transmission. In addition to many transcripts associated with housekeeping functions, we found an active transposable element, a set of Wolbachia-like proteins, several transcription factors, including Forkhead, Hairy and doublesex, extracellular matrix components and 71·genes coding for putative secreted proteins. Fourteen of these 71·proteins had matching Edman degradation sequences obtained from SDS-PAGE experiments. Overall, 33·transcripts are reported for the first time as coding for salivary proteins. The tissue and sex specificity of these protein-coding transcripts were analyzed by RT-PCR and microarray experiments for insight into their possible function. Notably, two gene products appeared to be differentially spliced in the adult female salivary glands, whereas 13·contigs matched predicted intronic regions and may include additional alternatively spliced transcripts. Most An. gambiae salivary proteins represent novel protein families of unknown function, potentially coding for pharmacologically or microbiologically active substances. Supplemental data to this work can be found at http:// www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/projects/omes/index.html#Ag2.

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A lysozyme in the salivary glands of the malaria vector Anopheles darlingi

Cited by 55 publications

References 26 publications

Gambicin: A novel immune responsive antimicrobial peptide from the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae

Gambicin: A novel immune responsive antimicrobial peptide from the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae

Antibacterial activity of lysozyme in the desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria (Orthoptera: Acrididae)

An updated catalogue of salivary gland transcripts in the adult female mosquito,Anopheles gambiae

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