A Low Voltage Ride Through Scheme for three phase grid connected PV inverter with an adaptive window based MAF-PLL

Panda, Gayadhar; Jena, Satabdy; Peesapati, Rangababu

doi:10.1109/iicpe.2018.8709499

Cited by 5 publications

(23 citation statements)

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“…According to the provisions of the EU network code NC RfG [21], the standard EN 50549-1:2019 [22] and the Polish DSOs' document [23], Table 1 presents the requirements for the operation of photovoltaic inverters in different frequencies, deviating from a nominal value, without disconnecting from the network.…”

Section: Selected Requirements For Photovoltaic Inverters 21 Operatmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Besides the requirements for operation in a wide range of frequencies, photovoltaic inverters shall also be capable of operating in so-called "limited frequency sensitive modeoverfrequency" (LFSM-O) mode, which will result in an active power output reduction in response to a change in the system frequency above a certain value. Photovoltaic inverters shall be capable of activating [21][22][23]: In Figure 2 is shown an example of the required characteristic of active power frequency response to overfrequency. As shown in Figure 2, it is required to reduce the P AC /P M active power generation in response to the increase in the network frequency f. The reduction of the active power generation shall not exceed the allowed operating area.…”

Section: Selected Requirements For Photovoltaic Inverters 21 Operatmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to the standard [22] and the internal Polish DSOs' document [23], photovoltaic inverters shall have the capability of managing reactive power in a wide range of normal operation. Photovoltaic inverters shall respond to the RMS voltage changes and avoid exceeding RMS voltage limits permissible for low-voltage networks.…”

Section: Reactive Power Control Mode Requirementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Figure 3 is shown the permissible range of reactive power control during the generation of active power by a photovoltaic inverter in a four-quadrant coordinate system. The general requirement resulting from documents [22,23] states that the reactive power control shall be within the displacement power factor cosϕ ranging from 0.9 ue (under-excited) to 0.9 oe (over-excited), while actual generating active power P is greater or equal to 20% of the nominal photovoltaic inverter active power P n , as is shown in Figure 3.…”

Section: Reactive Power Control Mode Requirementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The photovoltaic inverter is the heart of any photovoltaic micro-installation responsible for the DC-AC conversion of current and voltage, therefore, many concerns are focused on its operation, because its design quality may have significant influence on the safety, performance and reliable operation of the power system and power quality at the point of common coupling in low-voltage networks. In order to ensure appropriate operation of photovoltaic inverters, in the point of view of transmission system operators (TSOs) and DSOs, including limiting the phenomenon of increasing the RMS voltage caused by the generation of electrical energy, a number of requirements have been formulated for micro-installations, which are specified in the EU network code NC RfG [21], the standard EN 50549-1:2019 [22] and the internal document of Polish DSOs [23], which are presented and described in Section 2.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Photovoltaic Inverter Profiles in Relation to the European Network Code NC RfG and the Requirements of Polish Distribution System Operators

et al. 2021

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The presently observed rapid increase in photovoltaic (PV) micro-installation connections to low-voltage networks, resulting from numerous financial support programmes, European Union (EU) energy policy and growing social awareness of environmental and economic issues, raise the question if PV inverters widely available in EU market fulfil the numerous technical requirements specified in European and Polish regulations. The paper presents the results of an experimental study carried out on three PV Inverters widely available in the EU in accordance with the EU network code NC RfG, standard EN 50549-1:2019 and internal Polish distribution system operators’ (DSOs’) regulations, governing PV inverter cooperation with the low-voltage distribution network. The laboratory test stand scheme and its description are presented. In each test, at least one of the inverters encountered issues, either with the operation in required frequency ranges (one PV inverter), activating reactive power control modes (all three PV inverters), maintaining required power generation gradient after tripping (one PV inverter) or under-voltage ride through immunity (one PV inverter). The obtained results have shown that all tested PV inverters did not meet requirements that are the key to maintaining reliable and safe operation of transmission and distribution electrical networks.

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Section: Selected Requirements For Photovoltaic Inverters 21 Operatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Selected Requirements For Photovoltaic Inverters 21 Operatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Reactive Power Control Mode Requirementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Reactive Power Control Mode Requirementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Photovoltaic Inverter Profiles in Relation to the European Network Code NC RfG and the Requirements of Polish Distribution System Operators

et al. 2021

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Issues and Challenges of Grid-Following Converters Interfacing Renewable Energy Sources in Low Inertia Systems: A Review

Aljarrah,

Fawaz,

Salem

et al. 2024

IEEE Access

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The integration of renewable energy sources (RESs) is a key objective for energy sector decision-makers worldwide, aiming to establish renewable-rich future power grids. However, transitioning from conventional systems based on synchronous generators (SGs) or systems with a low RESs share presents challenges, particularly when accompanied by decommissioning large central generation units. This is because the reduction in inertia and system strength, traditionally provided by SGs, can lead to a loss of essential system support functions like voltage and frequency. While current converter technologies attempt to compensate for the grid support provided by SGs by enhancing converter capabilities, they still heavily rely on the presence of SGs to function effectively. These converters, known as grid-following (GFL) converters, depend on the grid to operate in a stable and secure manner. As the penetration of RESs increases, the efficacy of GFL converters diminishes, posing stability challenges in low inertia systems and limiting the integration of RESs. Therefore, it is crucial to reassess the existing GFL converter technologies, control mechanisms, and grid codes to understand their status and future requirements. This will shed light on the advancements and limitations of GFL converters, enabling greater RESs integration and grid support independent of SGs. This paper aims to provide an up-to-date reference for researchers and system operators, addressing the issues and challenges related to GFL converter technologies, control systems, and applications in low inertia systems. It serves as a valuable resource for facilitating the transition towards future systems with 100% RESs penetration scenarios.INDEX TERMS Grid following converters; low inertia systems; renewable energy sources; weak grids.

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Analysis of Low Voltage Ride Through Techniques for Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Systems

Naresh

Kumar

2020

2020 IEEE International Conference on Power Electronics, Smart Grid and Renewable Energy (PESGRE2020)

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A Low Voltage Ride Through Scheme for three phase grid connected PV inverter with an adaptive window based MAF-PLL

Cited by 5 publications

References 10 publications

Photovoltaic Inverter Profiles in Relation to the European Network Code NC RfG and the Requirements of Polish Distribution System Operators

Photovoltaic Inverter Profiles in Relation to the European Network Code NC RfG and the Requirements of Polish Distribution System Operators

Issues and Challenges of Grid-Following Converters Interfacing Renewable Energy Sources in Low Inertia Systems: A Review

Analysis of Low Voltage Ride Through Techniques for Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Systems

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