A Low Cost Implementation of Home Area Networks for Home Energy Management Systems

Abstract

Effective management of energy consumption at the consumer level is a vital part of the future Smart Grids. An efficient Home Energy Management System (HEMS) is a crucial and necessary interface between the Demand Side Management (DSM) techniques and the actual control of the energy consumption by the users in a building. In this paper we present an implementation of an efficient and extremely cost-effective Zigbee based Home Area Network (HAN) that seamlessly integrates the HEMS with the DSM within the goals and constraints set by the user while keeping the consumers informed about their energy consumption through a user interface. This paper focuses on the hardware design of a smart socket in the HAN that includes a wireless communication interface, a smart energy meter and a switching mechanism to control the appliances. The emphasis is on keeping the cost of the design to a minimum to encourage the deployment of the proposed energy managing home area network in the developing countries where there is a dire need for energy management.

Efectividad del sistema de gestión del costo como un óptimo empresarial

“…Sin embargo, los resultados de este estudio son importantes para enfatizar que las organizaciones deberían considerar su patrón de uso de estas estrategias en relación con su infraestructura de información específica. Un nivel óptimo de ajuste entre los requisitos de la tarea y las capacidades de soporte de información debería contribuir a la efectividad en el diseño de sistemas, así como en el desempeño general de la organización (Carter y Kennedy, 2016;Hussain et al, 2014;Nocera, 2002). En tercer lugar, el estudio ha demostrado la validez del uso de una medida cualitativa de la eficacia en el proceso de gestión empresarial para evaluar implementaciones exitosas de la estrategia de fabricación.…”

Analysis of Smart Power Sockets Implementation

“…Application specific integrated circuits (ASIC) or analog front-ends (AFE) have inputs for sensed current and voltage. Rogowski coil, current transformer [3], [9], Hall effect current sensor [1] or shunt resistor [10] is traditionally used for current sensing, while step-down voltage transformer [3] or resistive divider [9], [10]…”

“…SSoc is calibrated at 6 A current and 220 V voltage RMS levels using the same reference instrument. Then calibration coefficients are included in active power calculation according to (1)- (3). The observed differences between reference instrument readings and measurement results produced by the software of SSoc prototype are shown in Fig.…”

“…Most of the described SSoc implementations focus on wireless connectivity implementation but pay much less attention to achievable power measurement uncertainty [3], [4], [6], [7], [9]. Power measurement accuracy of around one 1 % after calibration is reported in [3], [4], [7], but accuracy characterization over measured power range is never considered. However, power measurement accuracy reduction in lower range of power consumption could be of crucial importance leading to ineffective energy saving policies (based on inaccurate measurements), since many appliances spend most of the time in standby mode.…”

Development of a Cyber-Secured Zone With Directive Antennas and Noise Generation

“…For home, business, and industry, wireless systems tend to have the greatest security threats, but their mobility and convenient wireless networks are highly desirable by end users. Due to the broad coverage area, an attacker just has to be in range of the wireless access point, and they would have the opportunity to capture personal or classified data [1][2][3][4]. For this reason, companies and government entities have been targeted and have lost critical information, so more cyber secure oriented wireless networks are required.…”