A Low-Complexity Detection Algorithm for the Primary Synchronization Signal in LTE

Abstract

Abstract-One of the challenging tasks in LTE baseband receiver design is synchronization, which determines the symbol boundary and transmitted frame start-time, and performs cell identification. Conventional algorithms are based on correlation methods that involve a large number of multiplications and thus lead to high receiver hardware complexity and power consumption. In this paper, a hardware-efficient synchronization algorithm for frame timing based on K-means clustering schemes is proposed. The algorithm reduces the complexity of the primary synchronization signal for LTE from 24 complex-multiplications, currently best known in the literature, to just 8. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm has negligible performance degradation with reduced complexity relative to conventional techniques.

A Computationally Efficient Joint Cell Search and Frequency Synchronization Scheme for LTE Machine-Type Communications

“…Because the FFO and STO marginally affect the accuracy of existing IFO detection schemes proposed in [16,17], it is assumed that the FFO and STO are perfectly known at MTC UE. Accordingly, the time-domain sample during the q-th period y q (u) can be given as [14]…”

“…Using Equation (14) and recalling that D 1 (k) = D * 2 (k), Equation (21) can be put in an equivalent form asn…”

“…There exist some studies focusing on the PSS detection [13][14][15][16][17][18]. Some of these methods perform in the time domain [13,14], while the others use frequency-domain samples obtained from a discrete Fourier transform (DFT) unit [15][16][17][18]. In [14], the PSS detection method was proposed to be performed by finding the maximum of the cross-correlation in the time domain, wherein the integer carrier frequency offset (IFO) degrades the accuracy of detecting the PSS.…”

“…Some of these methods perform in the time domain [13,14], while the others use frequency-domain samples obtained from a discrete Fourier transform (DFT) unit [15][16][17][18]. In [14], the PSS detection method was proposed to be performed by finding the maximum of the cross-correlation in the time domain, wherein the integer carrier frequency offset (IFO) degrades the accuracy of detecting the PSS. To overcome this limitation, several differential correlation based PSS detection schemes have been presented using the frequency-domain PSS [15], wherein the IFO is estimated in parallel with the search process of PSS.…”

LTE Antenna Port Number Detection Algorithm Based on Kalman Autoregression Filtering

“…The transmitting end can choose to use 1, 2, or 4 antennas to send Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH) system messages. The User Equipment (UE) performs the PBCH message decoding after the cell search and downlink synchronization operations are conducted [2]. The PBCH can be successfully decoded only if the correct antenna port number configuration information is obtained.…”