A low carbohydrate Mediterranean diet improves cardiovascular risk factors and diabetes control among overweight patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a 1‐year prospective randomized intervention study

Abstract

An intensive 12-month dietary intervention in a community-based setting was effective in improving most modifiable cardiovascular risk factors in all the dietary groups. Only the LCM improved HDL levels and was superior to both the ADA and TM in improving glycaemic control.

Macronutrient Composition and Management of Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (NIDDM): A New Paradigm for Individualized Nutritional Therapy in Diabetes Patients

“…However, a common message is that high carbohydrate intake (>50%) does not favorably affect TG and HDL in patients with diabetes. A benefit of low-carb versus low-fat diets has also been reported in other studies regarding HDL levels [40,43,48,56], TC/HDL ratio [27,56], and triglycerides [27,43,48,56].…”

“…A high-MUFA diet (typical of MD composition, with 45% carbs, 15% proteins, 40% lipids) failed to promote greater weight loss than a typical low-fat diet (60% carbs, 15% proteins, 25% lipids) at 1-year followup in overweight/obese adults with type 2 diabetes [42]. However, when a low-carb MD (35% carbs, 45% lipids) was compared with the standard lowfat diet in a similar group of participants, it was found to be more effective, while the traditional MD (50-55% carbs, 30% lipids) and low-fat diet produced similar results [43]. On the other hand, it was observed that patients with diabetes had lost approximately the same weight at 2 years' followup with a low-carb (20% carbs, 30% proteins, 50% lipids) and a high-carb diet (55-60% carbs, 10-15% proteins, 30% lipids) [44].…”

“…Specifically, significant reductions in HbA1c have been detected at 3 and 6 months using very low-carb or low-carb diets versus lowfat diets [47][48][49], even when there was no upper limit for SFA intake [44]. Similarly, Elhanyay et al found that a low-carb MD produced a greater improvement in HbA1c than a traditional MD or a low-fat diet at 1 year [43], whereas studies comparing diets with ≥40% carb percentage, differing mainly in protein and lipid content, have reported similar reduction rates of HbA1c at 1 year [42,45,50]. Finally, in the study by Shai et al, with a longer follow-up of 2 years, in the subgroup of individuals with diabetes, HbA1c decreased in the very low-carb group only, but not in the MD and low-fat group [27].…”

Nutrition Support To Patients Undergoing Gastrointestinal Surgery

“…In obese individuals [149] and healthy subjects who underwent eccentric exercise training [150], the inflammatory state was further augmented postprandially through a high CHO intake, but not through high-fat, low CHO meals in the latter study. Maybe more importantly, even moderate CHO restriction has been shown to effectively target several important markers of atherosclerosis and type II diabetes, both of which are associated with chronic inflammation [151][152][153][154][155][156][157]. Forsythe et al showed that in overweight individuals with dyslipidemia a very low CHO diet had a more favorable effect than a low fat diet in reducing several markers of inflammation [158].…”

Mediterranean Diet attenuates risk of frailty and sarcopenia: New insights and future directions

“…The Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet) is an example of a dietary pattern that provides evidence for an association between diet quality and healthy ageing [50][51][52][53]. There is evidence suggesting that greater adherence to a MedDiet is associated with substantial reductions in the risk of several major age-related diseases including cardiovascular disease (CVD) [54], overall cancer risk [55], type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) [56][57][58] and cognitive decline [59,60].…”