A longitudinal study of the effect of ocular biometrics measures on myopia onset

Tao, Zhengyang; Deng, Hongwei; Zhong, Huahong; Yu, Yang; Zhao, Jun; Chen, Shuiqiang; Li, Shan; Zhu, Minjuan

doi:10.1007/s00417-020-05010-1

“…AL, AL/CR have been found to highly correlate with noncycloplegic SE in preschool children, according to cross-sectional studies [ 16 , 18 ]. Also, a 1.5-year follow-up among school-age children in China indicated that although there were confounding factors, the use of the current AL/CR as a precursor indicator for myopia onset is undeniable [ 34 ]. Therefore, we hypothesized that early myopia and premyopia could be predicted by ocular biometric parameters, such as AL and AL/CR, and other risk factors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prediction of premyopia and myopia in Chinese preschool children: a longitudinal cohort

Liu

¹

,

Li

²

,

Huang

³

et al. 2021

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Backgrounds Myopia has become a global public health problem. Children with early onset of myopia are at particular risk of complications associated with myopia. Younger children and children with greater initial myopic refractive errors are at a greater risk of myopia progression. Therefore, it is essential to identify subjects at high risk of developing myopia to facilitate myopia prevention in the early stage, especially during the preschool period. The purpose of this study was to determine whether premyopia and myopia in preschool children can be predicted by easily obtainable parameters. Methods Data was collected in a population-based cohort. Comprehensive examinations included height, weight, refraction, axial length (AL), and corneal radius of curvature (CR), with a follow-up of 2 years. Parental myopia history was obtained from a questionnaire. Myopia was defined as spherical equivalent (SE) ≤ − 0.50 D. Premyopia was defined as − 0.50 D < SE ≤ + 0.75 D. Multivariate linear regression models were fitted to determine the associations between these parameters at baseline and future SE. To predict premyopia and myopia, Cox proportional hazard regression analysis coupled with a nomogram was used. Results A total of 830 children (433 boys and 397 girls) were included (40.83 ± 3.43 months old at baseline). A significantly negative relationship was observed in the multivariate analysis between baseline AL, AL/CR, two myopic parents, and the future SE after adjusting for age and gender (coefficient = − 0.291, coefficient = − 5.791, coefficient = − 0.273, respectively, both p < 0.001). Higher baseline AL, AL/CR (hazard ratio (HR) = 4.916, HR = 2.979, respectively, comparing the top quartile with the bottom quartile, both p < 0.001) and two myopic parents (HR = 1.756, compared to no myopic parents, p = 0.001) were associated with a higher risk of future onset of premyopia. From the nomogram, AL/CR was found to have the most enormous effect on survival. Different baseline AL and AL/CR values (both Log Rank p < 0.001) had different survival curves. Conclusions AL and AL/CR could be used as obtainable indicators for identifying subjects at high risk of developing premyopia and myopia in young preschool children.

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“…Ocular biometry provides precise numbers. Previous studies found that AL/CR values are correlated with the spherical equivalent (SE) [ 15 ]. The correlation between CCT and myopia was controversial in the previous studies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thin Central Corneal Thickness May Be a Risk Factor for Myopia Progression in Children

Zhou

¹

,

Wang²,

Li

³

et al. 2023

Journal of Ophthalmology

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Purpose. This study investigated the correlation between corneal biomechanical parameters and the speed of myopia progression. Methods. This is a retrospective, multicenter study. Both Chinese and Caucasian children were involved. The follow-up time was at least 12 months. Ocular biometry data including the central corneal thickness (CCT), axial length (AL), corneal keratometry (K), anterior chamber depth (ACD), white-to-white (WTW) distance, and pupil size (PS) were measured. The age of onset, speed of progression of spherical equivalent (SE), and speed of AL elongation were calculated. Data were analyzed using the R programming language. Results. This study comprised 306 eyes of 153 myopic children. 122 children were Chinese, and 31 children were Caucasian. The myopia progression was faster in Chinese children than that in the Caucasian group in both SE progression speed and AL elongation speed. The CCT was negatively correlated with the SE speed of progression (correlation coefficient, R = −0.65, and p = 7.25 × 10 − 38 ) and AL speed (R = −0.47 and p = 1.62 × 10 − 18 ). CCT was positively correlated with the age of onset (R = 0.35 and p = 4.53 × 10 − 10 ). No significant correlation (R > 0.3 and p < 0.01 ) was found between other ocular biometries (K, ACD, WTW, and PS) and the onset and speed of the progression of myopia. The same trends were found in both Chinese and Caucasian children and in both the right eye and left eye. Conclusion. CCT was negatively correlated with myopia (SE) progression speed and AL elongation speed. Thin CCT may be associated with faster myopia progression.

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“…Monitoring the development of refractive error requires knowledge of ocular biometry 1–3 . Biometry has been investigated as part of large cross‐sectional cohort studies in children, 4–7 as well as in longitudinal investigations of children 8–15 . Various methods are currently available (e.g., ultrasound, partial coherence interferometry, optical low coherence reflectometry, low coherence interferometry and swept‐source optical coherence tomography; for background on those methods, see the review by Koumbo Mekountchou et al 16 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[1][2][3] Biometry has been investigated as part of large cross-sectional cohort studies in children, [4][5][6][7] as well as in longitudinal investigations of children. [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] Various methods are currently available (e.g., ultrasound, partial coherence interferometry, optical low coherence reflectometry, low coherence interferometry and swept-source optical coherence tomography; for background on those methods, see the review by Koumbo Mekountchou et al 16 ). Optical low-coherence reflectometry (OLCR) with the Lenstar LS 900 (Haag-Streit, haag-streit.com) has been employed in clinical and research settings for a number of years; for indepth details on the method, see Schmid.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feasibility and repeatability of ocular biometry measured with Lenstar LS 900 in a large group of children and adolescents

Rauscher

¹

,

Hiemisch

²

,

Kieß

³

et al. 2021

Ophthalmic Physiologic Optic

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Purpose To evaluate the feasibility and repeatability of Lenstar LS 900 biometry measurements in a paediatric population. Methods Children were examined as part of the LIFE Child Study (Leipzig Research Centre for Civilization Diseases), a population‐based study in Leipzig, Germany. Altogether, 1917 children, aged from 3.5 to 17.5 years, were assessed with the Haag Streit Lenstar LS 900. Three consecutive measurements of the right eye were analysed for axial length, central corneal thickness, anterior chamber depth, aqueous depth, lens thickness and flat and steep corneal radii. The number of successful measurements and repeatability were evaluated for each parameter and three age bands (3.5 to 6.5 years, 6.5 to 10.5 years and 10.5 to 17.5 years). Results Best measurement feasibility was found for axial length and central corneal thickness (91% to 100%), followed by flat and steep corneal radii (86% to 100%), anterior chamber and aqueous depth (76% to 92%) and lens thickness (50% to 81%), with higher numbers for older children. Repeatability values (in mm) were: axial length 0.025 to 0.035; central corneal thickness 0.003 to 0.027; aqueous depth 0.024 to 0.058; anterior chamber 0.024 to 0.054; lens thickness 0.034 to 0.067. An overall trend showed better repeatability for older children, especially for central corneal thickness, aqueous depth and lens thickness. Conclusions For ocular biometry in the paediatric population, axial length, central corneal thickness, flat and steep corneal radii can be measured very reliably even in children from 4 years old onward using the Lenstar LS 900. Lens thickness can be quantified in a limited number of younger children. Repeatability was high for all variables investigated. Repeatability improved with age, reaching adult values in the adolescent age band. Established repeatability limits can be applied in future studies as a quality parameter.

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A longitudinal study of the effect of ocular biometrics measures on myopia onset

Cited by 10 publications

References 23 publications

Prediction of premyopia and myopia in Chinese preschool children: a longitudinal cohort

Prediction of premyopia and myopia in Chinese preschool children: a longitudinal cohort

Thin Central Corneal Thickness May Be a Risk Factor for Myopia Progression in Children

Feasibility and repeatability of ocular biometry measured with Lenstar LS 900 in a large group of children and adolescents

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