A longitudinal study of dental arch morphology in children with the syndrome of Crouzon or Apert

Abstract

The aim of this study was to compare changes in dental arch morphology between patients with Crouzon syndrome or Apert syndrome and controls. Children between 4 and 14 yr of age with Crouzon syndrome (n = 40) or Apert syndrome (n = 28) were compared with non-syndromic controls (n = 457) in terms of arch widths, depths, and length dimensions. Multilevel statistical modeling techniques were used to evaluate changes over time. Dental arch dimensions were found to be smaller in patients with Crouzon syndrome or Apert syndrome compared with control subjects. Maxillary intercanine width for patients with Apert syndrome were increased, whilst other arch width variables showed no change. Patients with Crouzon syndrome showed increases in maxillary intercanine width, whilst intermolar width showed no change over time. Dental arch dimensions in syndromic patients were thus found to be consistently smaller than in control subjects between 4 and 14 yr of age, implying that patients with Crouzon syndrome and Apert syndrome had a diminished growth potential.

Evaluation of the maxillofacial morphological characteristics of Apert syndrome infants

“…A previous study showed that subjects with maxillary constriction have increased airway resistance and resultant mouth breathing (Langford et al ). Furthermore, Reitsma et al reported that a low tongue posture, seen in patients with Apert syndrome, might contribute to the underdevelopment of the maxillary arch dimensions (Reitsma et al ). In this study, tongue thrusting was detected in all cases.…”

The dental development in patients with Aperts syndrome

“…Apert syndrome is a congenital malformation characterized by craniosynostosis, cone‐shaped calvarium, mid‐facial hypoplasia, pharyngeal constriction, ocular manifestations and syndactyly or webbing of the hands and feet. The majority of the clinical features involve the head and neck; the main features found in the literature are listed in Table . There is also a wide range of other features affecting other systems within patients with Aperts noted in the literature, and these have been listed in Table .…”

“…The majority of the clinical features involve the head and neck; the main features found in the literature are listed in Table . There is also a wide range of other features affecting other systems within patients with Aperts noted in the literature, and these have been listed in Table . After Crouzon syndrome, Apert syndrome is the second most common craniosynostosis syndrome.…”

Morfologia craniofacial e padrão de apinhamento dentário em adolescentes e adultos jovens com Síndrome de Apert

“…Após a finalização do crescimento ósseo facial, realiza-se cirurgia ortognática (Le fort I, osteotomia mandibular), com objetivo de corrigir deformidades craniofaciais (26,27 Diversas manifestações bucais foram relatadas na literatura, como: hipodontia, dentes supranumerários, fissura no palato mole, apinhamento dentário severo na maxila, hipoplasia de maxila, mordida cruzada anterior e posterior severa, hiperplasia gengival, lábios hipotônicos e diversas anomalias dentárias (32,33).…”

“…Dimensões reduzidas das arcadas requerem intervenção precoce e encaminhamento para uma equipe especializada (33).…”