The Auburn University Pharmaceutical Care Center's Healthy Habits program has been successful in helping patients decrease total body weight, BMI, and risk of weight-related complications. In addition, the program has increased the opportunity to identify other pharmaceutical care needs of patients and help establish the role of pharmacists in the management of obesity.

No abstract

This paper has reviewed research and other papers that have furthered our understanding of the impact of the presence of a child with sickle cell disease on the family. The research suggests that the primary parent in such a family experiences additional emotional strain much like primary parents of children with other chronic illnesses have been found to exhibit. The research also suggests that the ill child's presence influences interpersonal relationships within the family. Specifically, there is some evidence that the relationship between the parents and the relationship between the parent and other offspring may be affected adversely. The only evidence for an adverse impact on the relationship between the parent and the chronically ill child was in our research when considering only single-parent families. The research also suggests that the family environment is affected. In particular, the research suggests that the level of conflict and organization within the family was less favorable than within the control families. Moreover, the research suggests that the child's presence reduces the ability of the primary parent to participate in social activities outside of the family. Secondary parents, on the other hand, report less satisfaction with the extent to which their own individual needs are being met within the family. The available research also suggests that other factors mediate the impact of the child's illness on the family. In particular, parents with more knowledge about the illness and more social support available appear to cope more favorably with the illness. Moreover, the available research also suggests that the family also impacts on how the patient responds to the illness. Specifically, the more psychosocial stressors within the family, the less effectively the patient copes with the illness. In addition, the more social support available to the patient from the family and other significant others, the more likely the patient is to comply with the treatment regimen. Finally, two methodological issues have been discussed. First, a tendency is evident for parents to deny any impact on the family when asked directly but to demonstrate the impact when the responses of these parents are compared to the responses of a comparison group. This suggests a need for more studies that involve a comparison group in the design. Second, the small sample sizes in many of the studies reflect the lack of adequate sample in individual geographic locales. This suggests a need for more collaborative research projects such as the CSSCD project to increase sample size.

No abstract

No abstract

No abstract

7321 I ' ,,4 I I \ /' 0 -9 I -1 3 7 II 15 PH Figure 4. Experimental and calculated racemization rate constants for phenylalanine at various pH values and 142 O C : (A) experimental observed rate constants by Bada and Show2 (A) calculated observed rate constants using the six absolute rate constants from this study; and (B) calculated observed rate constants using the four absolute rate constants from Bada and Shou.Z Bada and Shou's2 data points are shown by the A' s in all three plots. Curve B is the computer-calculated curve using only the four rate constants k,, k2, k4, and k6 calculated by Bada and Shou.'Curve A is the one obtained by using all six rate constants, which follows the experimental points precisely.The pK, values used in the calculations of both curves A and B were those obtained in this study using computer analysis. However, there was very little effect on the plots when using pK, values reported by Bada and Shou2 or obtained by applying Robinson and stoke^'^ equations. Experimental SectionAbsolute Rate Constants and pK,'s. The values of different pH's and observed rate constants were entered into the computer. The concentrations of H+, OH-, and each ionic species of the amino acids (using the Henderson-Hasselbach e q~a t i o n )~ were then calculated for each pH. After this, a minimization routine (ZXSSQ from the IMSL Library) using least-squares analysis was called to calculate the best six absolute rate constants. The px"s of the amino acids were determined by manually varying the pK values until the differences between the calculated and experimental values of observed rate constants were minimal.Observed Rate Constants. The calculated observed rate constants were obtained by entering previously determined pK, values and absolute rate constants in the computer program and then calculating the resultant observed constants at various values of pH. The pH profile data (A points in all plots) are those reported by Bada and Shou.2 Curve B was obtained by using Bada and Shou's equation (2) with only their four rate constants. Curve A was obtained by using eq 1 with all six rate constants from this study. W e thank NASA for research Grant NSG-7038 and the Research Office a t Utah State University for computer time. Registry No. Alanine, 56-41-7; valine, 72-18-4; leucine, 61-90-5; phenylalanine, 63-91-2. Acknowledgment.( 5 ) Eisenberg, D.; Crothers, D. Physical Chemistry with Applications to the Lqe Sciences; Benjamin/Cumming: Abstract: Dipeptides, their methyl esters, diketopiperazines (DKP), and N-substituted derivatives were racemized at high

No abstract