A longitudinal study of changes in smart phone addiction and depressive symptoms and potential risk factors among Chinese college students

Yang, Xue; Hu, Huahua; Zhao, Chengjia; Xu, Huihui; Tu, Xiaolian; Zhang, Guohua

doi:10.1186/s12888-021-03265-4

Cited by 44 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 51 publications

(60 reference statements)

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“…The evidence from the majority of included publications (79%) indicated that depression or depressive symptoms worsened during the pandemic as compared to the pre-pandemic period. Of the 20 longitudinal studies, increased depressive symptoms during the pandemic were reported in 16 (Bignardi et al, 2020 ; Breaux et al, 2021 ; Buckner et al, 2021 ; Chen et al, 2021a , b ; Elmer et al, 2020 ; Evans et al, 2021 ; Giuntella et al, 2021 ; Hawes et al, 2021a , b ; Huckins et al, 2020 ; Hussong et al, 2021 ; Li et al, 2021a , b ; Magson et al, 2021 ; Yang et al, 2021 ; Zhang et al, 2020 ), no significant change in two (Janssen et al, 2020 ; Teng et al, 2021 ), and a reduction of depressive symptoms in two (Li et al, 2020 ; Xiang et al, 2020 ). Greater increases in mood disorder symptoms were reported among girls and young women as compared to their male counterparts in five studies (Elmer et al, 2020 ; Hawes et al, 2021a ; Magson et al, 2021 ; Mastorci et al, 2021 ; Thorisdottir et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in Youth Mental Health, Psychological Wellbeing, and Substance Use During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Rapid Review

et al. 2022

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Since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, researchers around the world have made efforts to assess its impact on youth mental health; however, the breadth of this topic has impeded a clear assessment of pandemic outcomes. This study aimed to address this gap by reviewing changes in youth (age ≤ 25) mental health, psychological wellbeing, substance use, and the use or delivery of relevant services during the pandemic. PubMed and Embase were searched in May 2021 to conduct a rapid review of the literature. The results encompass 156 primary publications and are reported using a narrative synthesis. Studies of mental health (n = 122) and psychological wellbeing (n = 28) generally indicated poor outcomes in many settings. Publications regarding substance use (n = 41) noted overall declines or unchanged patterns. Studies of service delivery (n = 12) indicated a generally positive reception for helplines and telehealth, although some youth experienced difficulties accessing services. The findings indicate negative impacts of the pandemic on youth mental health, with mixed results for substance use. Services must support marginalized youth who lack access to telehealth. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40894-022-00185-6.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in Youth Mental Health, Psychological Wellbeing, and Substance Use During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Rapid Review

et al. 2022

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“…For boys who are only children, they must depend on smartphone to interact with their friends and peers at their age. However, such increased smartphone use, which may lead to smartphone addiction, is harmful to boys' psychological health, as smartphone addiction may be associated with a sense of isolation or loneliness [36,37]. In other words, middle and high school boys who have no siblings and use their smartphone for communication due to loneliness are more likely to be depressed as they use it more.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smartphone Addiction and Depression among Low-Income Boys since COVID-19: The Moderating Effect of Being an Only Child

et al. 2021

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Even though boys’ depression has become important, and their smartphone use has increased since COVID-19, little is known about low-income middle and high school boys’ depression in the context of whether they have siblings. Thus, this study investigates the relationship between smartphone addiction and depression as well as the moderating effect of being an only child on the relationship. Participants were limited to middle and high school students whose families were regarded as having a low-income. A total of 129 low-income boys were selected for the final sample. The PROCESS macro 3.4 for Statistical Product and Service Solutions was used to identify the moderating effect. Smartphone addiction was positively related to depression among low-income male students. Being an only child significantly moderated the relationship between smartphone addiction and depression. This study contributes to understanding the importance of examining mental health problems among middle school boys since COVID-19, particularly among low-income boys. It is necessary to provide tailored mental health services for middle school boys in low-income families. Alternative activities and social programs should be provided for adolescent boys who are only children to safely socialize with friends and peers without a smartphone.

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“…For example, using a three-wave longitudinal design, Yuan et al (2021) found that depression severity at baseline was significantly related to subsequent PSU. Furthermore, in a recent longitudinal study of Chinese college students pre and during COVID-19, Yang et al (2021) found a significant prospective association between loneliness and PSU.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

The Prevalence and Psychosocial Factors of Problematic Smartphone Use Among Chinese College Students: A Three-Wave Longitudinal Study

Wang

Ya³

et al. 2022

Front. Psychol.

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Problematic smartphone use (PSU) in college students has been a major public health concern in modern society, which may also lead to adverse health outcomes. Using a three-wave longitudinal study design, the current study aimed to examine the prevalence and psychosocial factors of PSU in a large sample of Chinese college students. The data used in this study was obtained from an ongoing longitudinal study in Guangdong, China. In the current study, a total of 7,434 freshmen and sophomores who completed the first three surveys were included. Self-administered questionnaires were used to assess PSU, possible social anxiety disorders, depressive symptoms, loneliness, family conflicts, academic stress, and some demographic characteristics. Generalized estimating equation (GEE) models were performed to determine the risk factors associated with PSU. The results showed that 65.8, 58.1, and 52.8% of college students reported PSU at three waves, with an apparent downward trend. Female students reported higher prevalence rates of PSU than males. Depressive symptoms, possible social anxiety disorders, loneliness, family conflicts, and high academic pressure were important risk factors for PSU. Early intervention and identification of those who show signs of PSU may prevent the development of maladaptive coping responses and addictive behaviors, so as to prevent future negative psychosocial consequences.

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A longitudinal study of changes in smart phone addiction and depressive symptoms and potential risk factors among Chinese college students

Cited by 44 publications

References 51 publications

Changes in Youth Mental Health, Psychological Wellbeing, and Substance Use During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Rapid Review

Changes in Youth Mental Health, Psychological Wellbeing, and Substance Use During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Rapid Review

Smartphone Addiction and Depression among Low-Income Boys since COVID-19: The Moderating Effect of Being an Only Child

The Prevalence and Psychosocial Factors of Problematic Smartphone Use Among Chinese College Students: A Three-Wave Longitudinal Study

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