A long non‐coding apple RNA, MSTRG.85814.11, acts as a transcriptional enhancer of SAUR32 and contributes to the Fe‐deficiency response

Abstract

SummaryIron (Fe) is an essential plant nutrient and its deficiency typically limits plant growth. Long non‐coding (lnc) RNAs are involved in adaptive responses to nutrient stress; however, it is not known whether they function in the regulation of the canonical Fe‐deficiency response. The expression of Malus domestica (apple) lncRNA MSTRG.85814 is induced by Fe deficiency, as identified by high‐throughput strand‐specific RNA‐seq analysis of an apple homograft system. MSTRG.85814 has a complex structure, with 13 predicted RNA sequence variants, four of which are upregulated in the roots of plants experiencing Fe deficiency. We found that one MSTRG.85814 splice variant (MSTRG.85814.11) positively modulated its cis target mRNA derived from the small auxin upregulated gene SAUR32. This in turn promoted the expression of SAUR32 and caused an increase in the expression of a plasma membrane proton ATPase, AHA10. Using a pH imaging technique, a significant decrease in the apoplastic pH was observed to occur in the root tips of MSTRG.85814.11 or SAUR32‐overexpressing apple plants. Thus MSTRG.85814.11 was shown to positively promote SAUR32 expression, which then activated proton extrusion involved in the Fe‐deficiency response. These results reveal a mechanism by which lncRNA promotes environmental Fe‐deficiency stress adaption.

Resveratrol Improves the Iron Deficiency Adaptation of Malus Baccata Seedlings by Regulating Iron Absorption, Phytohormone Content, and ROS Migration

“…Apples are dicotyledons that adopt the typical Mechanism I strategy to absorb and translocate Fe (Zhang et al 2019;Zhou et al 2019). Under Fe de ciency stress, rst, plants develop a proton pump that acidi es the rhizosphere to increase the solubility of Fe through the upregulation of plasma membrane (PM) H + -ATPase (AHA) family genes, such as CsAHA1, AtAHA2, and MdAHA8 (Sun et al 2020;Zhao et al 2016). In the present study, we found that rhizosphere pH was signi cantly reduced, whereas the activity of H + -ATPases increased after exogenous Res was applied under Fe de ciency stress (Fig.…”

“…However, M. baccata is sensitive to Fe de ciency stress (Wang et al 2013a). Fe de ciency stress induces chlorosis of M.baccata leaves, decreases tree vigor, and results in huge economic losses (Sun et al 2020). Therefore, the Fe de ciency tolerance of M. baccata seedlings must be enhanced.…”

The long-distance OPT3 movement is selective between herbaceous and woody plants as shown using Malus and Arabidopsis thaliana plants

“…Total RNA was extracted from grafted tissues using an RNAprep Pure Plant Plus Kit (TIANGEN, DP441). Library preparation was as described in our previous study 58 .…”

“…All constructs were transformed into GV3101 Chemically Competent Agrobacterium tumefaciens cells (Weidi Biotechnology, AC1001). Positive clones were mixed to give equal concentrations of pTRV 69 and pTRV2, or its derivatives, and introduced into M. domestica, Populus tremula, Solanum lycopersicum and A. thaliana seedlings using vacuum in ltration and injection, respectively 58 . The transformation procedure used a pressure of 0.8 MPa, which was applied twice for 5 min time.…”

Research Progress on Plant Long Non-Coding RNA

“…AtR8, which is transcribed from RNA polymerase III, is specifically expressed in the roots of A. thaliana and is involved in the response to hypoxia stress [46]. The apple lncRNA, MSTRG.85814.11, acts as a transcriptional enhancer of SAUR32 and contributes to the Fe deficiency response [47].…”