A long leader intron of the Ostub16 rice β‐tubulin gene is required for high‐level gene expression and can autonomously promote transcription both in vivo and in vitro

Morello, Laura; Bardini, Mauro; Sala, F.; Breviario, Diego

doi:10.1046/j.0960-7412.2001.01192.x

Cited by 90 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…3B), ArathTUB6, SetviTUB1, ZeamaTUB2, ZeamaTUB5, OrysaTUB4, and OrysaTUB6, contain an additional intron within the 5#-UTR. In the case of OrysaTUB4, this leader intron has been shown to positively regulate transcription both in vivo and in vitro (Morello et al, 2002). Taken together, the presence of four distinct classes with members from both dicot and monocot species suggests that the angiosperm TUB family members may have originated from a single ancestral gene.…”

Section: Phylogenetic Analysis Of the Tua Familymentioning

confidence: 77%

Differential Expansion and Expression ofα- andβ-Tubulin Gene Families inPopulus

et al. 2007

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Microtubule organization is intimately associated with cellulose microfibril deposition, central to plant secondary cell wall development. We have determined that a relatively large suite of eight a-TUBULIN (TUA) and 20 b-TUBULIN (TUB) genes is expressed in the woody perennial Populus. A number of features, including gene number, a:b gene representation, amino acid changes at the C terminus, and transcript abundance in wood-forming tissue, distinguish the Populus tubulin suite from that of Arabidopsis thaliana. Five of the eight Populus TUAs are unusual in that they contain a C-terminal methionine, glutamic acid, or glutamine, instead of the more typical, and potentially regulatory, C-terminal tyrosine. Both C-terminal Y-type (TUA1) and M-type (TUA5) TUAs were highly expressed in wood-forming tissues and pollen, while the Y-type TUA6 and TUA8 were abundant only in pollen. Transcripts of the disproportionately expanded TUB family were present at comparatively low levels, with phylogenetically distinct classes predominating in xylem and pollen. When tension wood induction was used as a model system to examine changes in tubulin gene expression under conditions of augmented cellulose deposition, xylem-abundant TUA and TUB genes were up-regulated. Immunolocalization of TUA and TUB in xylem and phloem fibers of stems further supported the notion of heavy microtubule involvement during cellulose microfibril deposition in secondary walls. The high degree of sequence diversity, differential expansion, and differential regulation of Populus TUA and TUB families may confer flexibility in cell wall formation that is of adaptive significance to the woody perennial growth habit.

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Section: Phylogenetic Analysis Of the Tua Familymentioning

confidence: 77%

Differential Expansion and Expression ofα- andβ-Tubulin Gene Families inPopulus

et al. 2007

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“…The composite nested promoters found in the Acc genes may be commonly used in grasses; for the Acc genes, the core of the downstream promoter is located in the first intron of transcripts made from the upstream promoter. This arrangement is also found in the well studied promoters of the rice ␤-tubulin gene (17) and the maize ubiquitin gene (18), where the core promoters and their associated cis-acting regulatory elements are intertwined with translation signals encoded in the transcript leaders and the splicing signals needed to remove the leader introns.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Complex nested promoters control tissue-specific expression of acetyl-CoA carboxylase genes in wheat

Zuther¹,

Huang²,

Jeleńska³

et al. 2004

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Cis-acting regulatory elements of the wheat acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) gene family were identified by comparing the promoter activity of 5 end gene fragments fused to a reporter gene in two transient expression systems: wheat protoplasts and epidermal cells of mature embryos. Expression of the plastid and the cytosolic ACC genes is each driven by two nested promoters responsible for the synthesis of two transcript types. The internal promoter is located in an intron removed from transcripts originating at the first promoter. These complex promoters, which are different for the cytosolic and plastid ACC genes, control tissue-specific expression of the enzymatic activity supplying cytosolic, plastid, and mitochondrial pools of malonyl-CoA. The activity of one such complex promoter, driving expression of one of the cytosolic ACC genes, was studied throughout development of transgenic wheat plants carrying a full-length promoter-reporter gene fusion. High activity of the promoter was detected in the coleoptile, in the upper sheath section of the leaf, on the top surface of the ovary, in some sections of the main veins in the lemma and glume, and in abaxial epidermis hair cells of the lemma, glume, and rachis. The findings are consistent with the developmental and environmental requirements for very-long-chain fatty acids and flavonoids, whose synthesis begins with the ACC reaction in the cytosol of these specific cell types.M odern bread wheat has a large hexaploid genome, making molecular genetic studies difficult. We have been studying the structure, evolution, and function of the family of genes encoding the enzyme acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) during wheat development (1-7).In plants, separate ACC isozymes supply the malonyl-CoA pools used for de novo fatty acid (FA) biosynthesis in plastids and mitochondria, and for FA elongation and flavonoid (FL) and stilbene biosynthesis in the cytosol (8, 9). FAs are essential in membrane biogenesis, lipoic acid synthesis, production of oil as storage material, cuticular wax (CW) synthesis, signaling, and pollen-stigma interaction. FLs play multiple roles in plants as pigments and UV protectants, defense compounds, and as signals (10). Malonyl-CoA is also used for protein and smallmolecule malonylation.Our previous study (5) showed that significant regulation of cytosolic and plastid ACC genes in young wheat plants is accomplished at the transcript level. The number and identity of transcribed genes were established by cDNA and genomic DNA sequence comparisons. Transcription start sites and splicing patterns of leader introns were identified for multiple genes, including homoeologs and paralogs. We found that in wheat seedlings, the plastid ACC mRNA level is high in the middle part of the plant and low in roots and leaf blades. The three plastid ACC-homoeologous genes are equivalent in their level of expression. Cytosolic ACC mRNA accumulates to a high level in the lower sheath section of the plant. For the cytosolic ACC genes, we found that transcripts of the three homoeo...

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“…In many species intron 1 length seems to be positively regulated with the expression level of the respective gene. 21,[24][25][26][27][28][29] Furthermore, neuronal genes and genes that are involved in development seem to have a higher content of non-coding DNA, which might assist in the tight regulation of their expression. 17 In plants, the propensity of these elements to influence gene expression was termed intron-mediated enhancement.…”

Section: Architecture Of the Huntingtin Gene And Its Influence On Splmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aberrantly splicedHTT,a new player in Huntington’s disease pathogenesis

et al. 2013

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This discovery spurred our hypothesis that mis-splicing as opposed to proteolysis could be generating the smallest huntingtin fragment. We demonstrated that mis-splicing of mutant huntingtin intron 1 does indeed occur and results in a short polyadenylated mRNA, which is translated into an exon 1 protein.The exon 1 protein fragment is highly pathogenic. Transgenic mouse models containing just human huntingtin exon 1 develop a rapid onset of HD-like symptoms. Our finding that a small, mis-spliced HTT transcript and corresponding exon 1 protein are produced in the context of an expanded CAG repeat has unraveled a new molecular mechanism in HD pathogenesis. Here we present detailed models of how mis-splicing could be facilitated, what challenges remain in this model, and implications for therapeutic studies.

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A long leader intron of the Ostub16 rice β‐tubulin gene is required for high‐level gene expression and can autonomously promote transcription both in vivo and in vitro

Cited by 90 publications

References 52 publications

Differential Expansion and Expression ofα- andβ-Tubulin Gene Families inPopulus

Differential Expansion and Expression ofα- andβ-Tubulin Gene Families inPopulus

Complex nested promoters control tissue-specific expression of acetyl-CoA carboxylase genes in wheat

Aberrantly splicedHTT,a new player in Huntington’s disease pathogenesis

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