A long arid interlude in the Indian summer monsoon during ∼4,350 to 3,450 cal. yr BP contemporaneous to displacement of the Indus valley civilization

Dutt, Som; Gupta, Anil K.; Wünnemann, B.; Yan, Dada

doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2018.04.005

Cited by 77 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Climatic reconstruction and other studies suggest that the decline of the Indus Valley civilization in the Bronze Age was most likely driven by a longterm drought, which might have triggered a movement of its inhabitants eastward toward the Gangetic Plain in about 2300 BCE. [3][4][5][6][7][8] Contemporary populations of this region vary in their rituals and display diverse ethnic backgrounds. [9][10][11][12][13][14] The eastern Indus Basin, part of the early Vedic India (c. 2000 to c. 600 BCE), comprises the historical Kurukshetra 15,16 (now a district in the Haryana state).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Genetic Ancestry of Modern Indus Valley Populations from Northwest India

Pathak

Kadian²,

Kushniarevich

et al. 2018

The American Journal of Human Genetics

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The Indus Valley has been the backdrop for several historic and prehistoric population movements between South Asia and West Eurasia. However, the genetic structure of present-day populations from Northwest India is poorly characterized. Here we report new genomewide genotype data for 45 modern individuals from four Northwest Indian populations, including the Ror, whose long-term occupation of the region can be traced back to the early Vedic scriptures. Our results suggest that although the genetic architecture of most Northwest Indian populations fits well on the broader North-South Indian genetic cline, culturally distinct groups such as the Ror stand out by being genetically more akin to populations living west of India; such populations include prehistorical and early historical ancient individuals from the Swat Valley near the Indus Valley. We argue that this affinity is more likely a result of genetic continuity since the Bronze Age migrations from the Steppe Belt than a result of recent admixture. The observed patterns of genetic relationships both with modern and ancient West Eurasians suggest that the Ror can be used as a proxy for a population descended from the Ancestral North Indian (ANI) population. Collectively, our results show that the Indus Valley populations are characterized by considerable genetic heterogeneity that has persisted over thousands of years.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Genetic Ancestry of Modern Indus Valley Populations from Northwest India

Pathak

Kadian²,

Kushniarevich

et al. 2018

The American Journal of Human Genetics

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“…A lacustrine sediment record from Tso Moriri (north‐western Himalaya) also captured the signal of an abrupt monsoon decline around 4.3 cal ka bp , which was interpreted to be a result of such an increase in ENSO frequency (Fig. E; Dutt et al ., ). Similarly, the reduced monsoon intensity and subsequent decline in precipitation has probably led to the dramatic shift in hydrological conditions of Lake Wuxu.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Comparison of the TOC record from Lake Wuxu (C) with records around the abrupt monsoon decline at 4.0 cal ka bp , (A) stable oxygen isotope from Tianmen Cave (Cai et al ., ); (B) stable oxygen isotope from Dongge Cave (Wang et al ., ); (D) stable carbon isotope from Hongyuan Peat sequence (Hong et al ., ); (E) Rb/Sr ratio from Tso Moriri (Dutt et al ., ); (F) sand fraction from Lake El Junco (Conroy et al ., ). [Color figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com]…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Holocene evolution of the Indian Summer Monsoon inferred from a lacustrine record of Lake Wuxu, south‐east Tibetan Plateau

Wang

Zhang

Sun

et al. 2019

J Quaternary Science

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A continuous sediment record since 12.3 cal ka bp from Lake Wuxu (south‐eastern Tibetan Plateau) was investigated in terms of the Holocene evolution of the Indian Summer Monsoon. The molar C/N ratio and stable C isotope were used to identify the source of the organic matter as well as climate conditions. The evolution of Lake Wuxu was summarized wihtin two periods. During the first period (early to mid‐Holocene), the lake received increased fluvially transported materials, reflecting variation in the summer monsoon with solar insolation. The lake level declined and water residence time increased because of reduced river discharge during the second period (late Holocene) corresponding to a weakening of the summer monsoon. The organic material revealed a major contribution from lake primary productivity, which showed identical patterns with a high‐resolution isotope record from Dongge Cave, as well as total solar irradiance. Our record from Lake Wuxu indicates that the Holocene evolution of the Indian Summer Monsoon has been driven by the solar forcing at decadal/centennial to millennial time scales. Furthermore, an abrupt decline in the monsoon was detected at around 4.0 cal ka bp, which is probably caused by an increased frequency of EI Nino‐Southern Oscillation events. Copyright © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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“…This was an interval of wet conditions in South Asia as well as SW China owing to intense Indian and southwest monsoons (Gupta et al 2003;Zhang et al 2017). The study core SK291/ GC13 experienced relatively colder conditions from~4200 to 2600 cal yr BP, contemporaneous with lower SSTs in the northeastern Arabian Sea than the present day (Doose-Rolinski et al 2001) and an arid (or colder) phase in the Indian subcontinent (Staubwasser et al 2003;Dixit et al 2014;Dutt et al 2018). During the interval between~2900-2500 and~1000 cal yr BP the sea-level was higher in the northern Arabian Sea, whereas the eastern Arabian Sea experienced arid and cold conditions.…”

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confidence: 92%

Response of shallow-sea benthic foraminifera to environmental changes off the coast of Goa, eastern Arabian Sea, during the last ∼6100 cal yr BP

et al. 2019

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We have analysed a 6100-year record of benthic and planktonic foraminifera from inner neritic sediments from Core SK291/GC13, off the Goa coast, eastern Arabian Sea, to understand the response of benthic foraminifera to shallow-marine processes. The benthic foraminiferal assemblage is dominated by Nonion cf. asterizans, Ammonia beccarii, A. gaimardii and Virgulinella fragilis, which have been selected on the basis of a population of 10% or more in any three samples analysed. The planktonic foraminiferal population is sporadic and rare, with Globigerinoides ruber as the predominant species showing a variable trend. The foraminiferal proxies combined with total organic carbon (wt%) and δ13C and δ18O values of Ammonia gaimardii suggest distinct variations, indicating changes in productivity and salinity in the shallow eastern Arabian Sea. The coastal waters off Goa were relatively warmer and less saline between 6100 and 4600, or perhaps to 4200, calibrated years before the present (cal yr BP), corresponding to a stronger monsoon in South and East Asia. The shallow sea was cooler from ~4200 to 2600 cal yr BP in the study area, coinciding with a lower sea surface temperature in the northeastern Arabian Sea and an arid phase in the Indian subcontinent. From 2900 to 2600 cal yr BP the study core exhibits the impacts of short-term cold events, which have earlier been observed in the northeastern Arabian Sea, off Pakistan. During the Little Ice Age, the shallow sea off Goa was less productive.

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A long arid interlude in the Indian summer monsoon during ∼4,350 to 3,450 cal. yr BP contemporaneous to displacement of the Indus valley civilization

Cited by 77 publications

References 43 publications

The Genetic Ancestry of Modern Indus Valley Populations from Northwest India

The Genetic Ancestry of Modern Indus Valley Populations from Northwest India

Holocene evolution of the Indian Summer Monsoon inferred from a lacustrine record of Lake Wuxu, south‐east Tibetan Plateau

Response of shallow-sea benthic foraminifera to environmental changes off the coast of Goa, eastern Arabian Sea, during the last ∼6100 cal yr BP

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A long arid interlude in the Indian summer monsoon during ∼4,350 to 3,450 cal. yr BP contemporaneous to displacement of the Indus valley civilization

Cited by 77 publications

References 43 publications

The Genetic Ancestry of Modern Indus Valley Populations from Northwest India

The Genetic Ancestry of Modern Indus Valley Populations from Northwest India

Holocene evolution of the Indian Summer Monsoon inferred from a lacustrine record of Lake Wuxu, south‐east Tibetan Plateau

Response of shallow-sea benthic foraminifera to environmental changes off the coast of Goa, eastern Arabian Sea, during the last ∼6100 cal yr BP

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A long arid interlude in the Indian summer monsoon during ∼4,350 to 3,450 cal. yr BP contemporaneous to displacement of the Indus valley civilization