A Living Wage for Research Subjects

Phillips, Trisha

doi:10.1111/j.1748-720x.2011.00593.x

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 20 publications

(8 reference statements)

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“…Ultimately, the mandate of RECs should be to develop and strengthen local policies on goods offered to study participants, which will lessen the current back-and-forth between RECs and researchers, on whether to provide goods, and the quantities of goods to provide. The fact that RECs have to request researchers to provide, modify or remove goods is good evidence of variability in goods offered to participants, a problem widely reported by others (Dickert et al, 2002;T. B. Phillips, 2011;Ripley, 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Providing monetary and non-monetary goods to research participants: perspectives and practices of researchers and Research Ethics Committees in Zambia

2018

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There are disagreements among ethicists on what comprises an "appropriate" good to offer research participants. Debates often focus on the type, quantity, timing, and ethical appropriateness of such offers, particularly in settings where participants may be socioeconomically vulnerable, such as in parts of Zambia. This was a Cross-sectional online survey of researchers and Research Ethics Committees (RECs) designed to understand practices, attitudes and policies associated with provision of goods to research participants. Of 122 responding researchers, 69 met eligibility criteria. Responses were also received from five of the six Zambian RECs involved in reviewing research proposals. Fortynine researchers (71.0%) confirmed previous experience offering goods to participants. Of these, 21 (42.9%) offered participants money only, 18 (36.7%) offered non-monetary goods, while the rest offered both monetary and non-monetary goods. Generally, goods were offered and approved by RECs to compensate for time, lost wages and transportation. One REC and 34.8% of researchers reported being subject to an institutional policy on offering goods to participants. While reimbursement is the main reason for offering goods to participants in Zambia, caution is required when deciding on the type and quantity of goods to offer given the potential for community mistrust and manipulation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Debates regarding goods offered to participants persist, with little international guidance (Dickert & Grady, 1999;T. B. Phillips, 2011;Ripley, 2006;Wong & Bernstein, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Providing monetary and non-monetary goods to research participants: perspectives and practices of researchers and Research Ethics Committees in Zambia

2018

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“…We further maintained contact via a newsletter, birthday cards, and webpage. Participants received a modest monetary incentive based on the “wage payment” method 33 , adjusted for their location (i.e., Philippines or the U.S.). Additionally, migrants were contacted every other month to obtain updated contact information.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feasibility of Conducting a Longitudinal, Transnational Study of Filipino Migrants to the United States: A Dual-Cohort Design

Gee¹,

Castro²,

Wang³

et al. 2015

hpu

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Most studies of immigrant health are cross-sectional and fail to collect information prior to migration, leading to potential bias and confounding. The present pilot study examines the feasibility of studying migrants prospectively, with baseline data collected before migration. The study followed two cohorts of Filipinos for one year, a migrant cohort (n=27) that emigrated to the U.S. and a second non-migrant cohort (n=26) in the Philippines. The one-year retention rate was 96% The migrant cohort arrived in the U.S. within 2 months of their baseline assessment. Migrants and non-migrants did not differ with regard to body mass index, waist circumference or waist to hip ratio at baseline or at follow-up. It is feasible to conduct a transnational, longitudinal study of two cohorts of Filipinos. This design provides important pre-migration information, is analogous to a natural experiment, can be upscaled, and allows for a rigorous examination of immigrant health.

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“…It is reasonable to think that granting subjects such rights would make them too less vulnerable to exploitation. Moreover, a minimum or base wage would remove many exploitative (because undercompensated) studies from the table (Phillips 2011).…”

Section: Risks Consent and Exploitationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nonetheless, the professional guinea pigs' perspective is gaining increasing scholarly support. A number of bioethicists, philosophers, anthropologists, and legal scholars have proposed conceiving of and regulating participation in phase I trials as a form of work (Abadie 2010;Dickert and Grady 1999;Lemmens and Elliott 1999;Lynch 2014;Phillips 2011;VanderWalde and Kurzban 2011;Walker, Cottingham, and Fisher 2018). 1 This would enable participants to claim higher payment, but also to enjoy a range of other rights and benefits available to workers.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“Paid to Endure”: Paid Research Participation, Passivity, and the Goods of Work

Malmqvist

2019

The American Journal of Bioethics

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A growing literature documents the existence of individuals who make a living by participating in phase I clinical trials for money. Several scholars have noted that the concerns about risks, consent, and exploitation raised by this phenomenon apply to many (other) jobs, too, and therefore proposed improving subject protections by regulating phase I trial participation as work. This article contributes to the debate over this proposal by exploring a largely neglected worry. Unlike most (other) workers, subjects are not paid to produce or achieve anything but to have things done to them. I argue that this passivity is problematic for reasons of distributive justice. Specifically, it fails to enable subjects to realize what Gheaus and Herzog call "the goods of work"-a failure not offset by adequate opportunities to realize these goods outside of the research context. I also consider whether granting subjects worker-type protections would accommodate this concern.

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A Living Wage for Research Subjects

Cited by 12 publications

References 20 publications

Providing monetary and non-monetary goods to research participants: perspectives and practices of researchers and Research Ethics Committees in Zambia

Providing monetary and non-monetary goods to research participants: perspectives and practices of researchers and Research Ethics Committees in Zambia

Feasibility of Conducting a Longitudinal, Transnational Study of Filipino Migrants to the United States: A Dual-Cohort Design

“Paid to Endure”: Paid Research Participation, Passivity, and the Goods of Work

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