A living bdelloid rotifer from 24,000-year-old Arctic permafrost

Shmakova, Lyubov; Malavin, Stas; Iakovenko, Nataliia; Vishnivetskaya, Tatiana A.; Shain, Daniel H.; Plewka, Michael; Rivkina, Elizaveta

doi:10.1016/j.cub.2021.04.077

Cited by 39 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Thawing permafrost in Siberia has many impacts including changing landforms and hydrology, destabilising surfaces leading to infrastructure damage, releasing ancient carbon via greenhouse gases (Anisimov and Zimov 2021) and releasing archaeological artefacts formerly preserved in frozen peat. Thawing permafrost also releases microorganisms, some of which are harmful and others about which little is known (Legendre et al 2014;Shmakova et al 2021), and it also affects other types of biodiversity such as that of rare mountain mires (Volkova et al 2021). Permafrost is used by local people to store food (Andronov et al 2021), and thaw could affect this traditional food storage system.…”

Section: Permafrostmentioning

confidence: 99%

Siberian environmental change: Synthesis of recent studies and opportunities for networking

Callaghan

Shaduyko

Kirpotin

et al. 2021

Ambio

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A recent multidisciplinary compilation of studies on changes in the Siberian environment details how climate is changing faster than most places on Earth with exceptional warming in the north and increased aridity in the south. Impacts of these changes are rapid permafrost thaw and melt of glaciers, increased flooding, extreme weather events leading to sudden changes in biodiversity, increased forest fires, more insect pest outbreaks, and increased emissions of CO 2 and methane. These trends interact with sociological changes leading to land-use change, globalisation of diets, impaired health of Arctic Peoples, and challenges for transport. Local mitigation and adaptation measures are likely to be limited by a range of public perceptions of climate change that vary according to personal background. However, Siberia has the possibility through land surface feedbacks to amplify or suppress climate change impacts at potentially global levels. Based on the diverse studies presented in this Ambio Special Issue, we suggest ways forward for more sustainable environmental research and management. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13280-021-01626-7.

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Section: Permafrostmentioning

confidence: 99%

Siberian environmental change: Synthesis of recent studies and opportunities for networking

Callaghan

Shaduyko

Kirpotin

et al. 2021

Ambio

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“…The Siberian permafrost is a unique repository for preserving organisms in sub-zero temperatures for millions of years. Expeditions in the past decade revived several organisms across various taxa from the Siberian permafrost 5,34,35,35,36 . The possibility to exploit permafrost as a source for reanimating multicellular animals was recognized already in 1936.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel nematode species from the Siberian permafrost shares adaptive mechanisms for cryptobiotic survival withC. elegansdauer larva

Shatilovich

Gade

Pippel

et al. 2022

Preprint

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When environmental conditions are unfavorable, such as the complete absence of water or oxygen, high temperature, freezing or extreme salinity, some organisms can enter suspended animation (cryptobiosis)1. This reversible transition is preceded by execution of complex genetic and biochemical programs (preconditioning)2,3,4. Under laboratory conditions, however, animals have only been maintained in a viable cryptobiotic state for a short time. Here we show that desiccation followed by freezing allows C. elegans dauer larvae to retain full viability over very long periods (around 500 days). Consistent with this finding, recently nematode individuals have been reanimated from the Siberian permafrost5, that according to precise radiocarbon dating shows that they remained in cryptobiosis since the late Pleistocene, for about 46,000 years. Phylogenomic inference based on our high-quality genome assembly and morphological analysis demonstrate that these nematodes belong to a novel parthenogenetic species, which we named Panagrolaimus kolymaensis. Genome analysis revealed that the core of the molecular toolkit for cryptobiosis in P. kolymaensis and C. elegans is orthologous. To survive desiccation and freezing under laboratory conditions these two species display similar biochemical responses. Thus, nematodes possess extraordinarily robust adaptive mechanisms that potentially allow them to remain in suspended animation over geological time scales.

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“…Впрочем, биота "мамонтового периода" может дойти до нас и непосредственно в живом виде (Shatilovich, 2011;Shmakova, 2021). В пробах почв криолитозоны соответствующего возраста (32 и 42 тыс.…”

Section: результаты и обсуждениеunclassified

Risk assessment of paleo-bio-contamination of landscapes resulting from permafrost degradation by the example of reindeer pastures in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)

Vasiliev

2022

DSB

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The possibility of ranking agro-landscape zones (using computer modeling) according to the risks of potential epizootics and epidemics associated with bio-contamination has been demonstrated. The task of agroecological land assessment cannot be conceptually solved without taking into account all forms of contamination. Bio-contamination of agricultural landscapes, both reversible (weeds) and irreversible (for example, anthrax spores Bacillus anthracis), is considered as a form of permafrost soils degradation. The melting of glaciers and permafrost thawing influenced by global warming determine a number of challenges. In particular, the climatically-driven transformation of the Pleistocene biota leads to the release of greenhouse gases, including methane, which is an order of magnitude stronger than carbon dioxide in terms of its contribution to the greenhouse effect and significantly increases the threat of accelerating warming. This paper examines the consequences of paleobiotic nature: during “thawing of tundra” pathogenic organisms, that were previously in biospheric isolation, pose a threat. It is noted that some of them retain their vital functions when emerging from cryobiosis. Such organisms are capable of causing soil bio-contamination, both reversible and irreversible, and can cause new outbreaks of repeated epizootics. It is proposed to identify and assess the risk zones of paleo-bio-contamination by the method of geometric stratification. The method allows identification and designation of the risk zones of pathogen infestation in specific geographical regions. This paper presents an assessment of such risk zones for reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) infection with a highly pathogenic anthrax causative agent (Bacillus anthracis) in relation to the administrative units (regions) of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). The zoning results obtained in this way not only characterize the existing ecological situation and create the basis for its understanding, but can also serve as a basis for the development of recommendations for competent administrative decision-making on the regulation of further use of the studied landscapes.

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A living bdelloid rotifer from 24,000-year-old Arctic permafrost

Cited by 39 publications

References 8 publications

Siberian environmental change: Synthesis of recent studies and opportunities for networking

Siberian environmental change: Synthesis of recent studies and opportunities for networking

A novel nematode species from the Siberian permafrost shares adaptive mechanisms for cryptobiotic survival withC. elegansdauer larva

Risk assessment of paleo-bio-contamination of landscapes resulting from permafrost degradation by the example of reindeer pastures in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)

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