A liter-scale microbial capacitive deionization system for the treatment of shale gas wastewater

Forrestal, Casey; Haeger, Alexander; Dankovich, Louis; Cath, Tzahi Y.; Ren, Zhiyong Jason

doi:10.1039/c5ew00211g

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 20 publications

(30 reference statements)

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“…The impacts of organic matters in FCDI require more attention even though the organic content in the effluent of secondary treatment is low. Negatively charged organics can be removed from FCDI and generate competition with other ions, , and they may also contribute to FCDI fouling and microbial growth. This electrochemical method provides a new alternative nutrient removal and recovery solution especially for distributed applications.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concurrent Nitrogen and Phosphorus Recovery Using Flow-Electrode Capacitive Deionization

Bian

Chen

et al. 2019

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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This study presents that flow-electrode capacitive deionization (FCDI) can concurrently remove salts and nutrient ions from wastewater effluent and recover them as concentrate efficiently. Compared with complex biological nutrient removal, this electrochemical method utilizes the ionic nature of salts and nutrient species (NH4 +–N, NO3 ––N, PO4 3––P) to enable simple nutrient removal and desalination. The FCDI with separated anode and cathode (FCDI-S) removed 70–98.5% salinity, 49–91% PO4 3––P, 89–99% NH4 +–N, and 83–99% NO3 ––N under the 5–15 wt % electrode loadings. When a reverse potential was applied, more than 80% of the removed nutrient ions were recovered in the concentrate during discharging operation. Furthermore, when connected flow operation (FCDI-C) was implemented that allowed external electrode mixing, more adsorption sites were freed up, which resulted in 43.5 ± 2.2% increase in PO4 3––P removal, 12.3 ± 1.1% increase in NH4 +–N removal, and 9.9 ± 0.3% increase in NO3 ––N removal. This electrochemical method provides a new alternative nutrient removal and recovery solution especially for distributed applications.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concurrent Nitrogen and Phosphorus Recovery Using Flow-Electrode Capacitive Deionization

Bian

Chen

et al. 2019

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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“…MCDC desalinated 18 times faster than MDC and 5 times faster in COD removal during treatment of Piceance basin PW (Forrestal et al, 2015). A liter-scale MCDC reactor successfully treated both PW and FFB from Piceance for 2 years (Forrestal et al, 2016). In another study (Shrestha et al, 2018), PW from Bakken Shale (ND, United States; higher salinity than Piceance Basin) was treated with MFC and MCDC, and while MFCs performed better than MCDC in removing COD, MCDC removed twice the amount of dissolved solids.…”

Section: Bioelectrochemical Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging Trends in Biological Treatment of Wastewater From Unconventional Oil and Gas Extraction

2020

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Unconventional oil and gas exploration generates an enormous quantity of wastewater, commonly referred to as flowback and produced water (FPW). Limited freshwater resources and stringent disposal regulations have provided impetus for FPW reuse. Organic and inorganic compounds released from the shale/brine formation, microbial activity, and residual chemicals added during hydraulic fracturing bestow a unique as well as temporally varying chemical composition to this wastewater. Studies indicate that many of the compounds found in FPW are amenable to biological degradation, indicating biological treatment may be a viable option for FPW processing and reuse. This review discusses commonly characterized contaminants and current knowledge on their biodegradability, including the enzymes and organisms involved. Further, a perspective on recent novel hybrid biological treatments and application of knowledge gained from omics studies in improving these treatments is explored.

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“… 2 , 3 The expansion of O&G production from unconventional resources was greatly dependent upon technologies, which utilize large volumes of water such as hydraulic fracturing for O&G extraction from shale plays. 4 − 7 Thus, based on the above estimates, it can be stated that on average O&G companies manage more volumes of water than hydrocarbons on a day-to-day basis making cost-effective water management a necessity for sustainable O&G operations. 8 − 10 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In terms of PW production volumes, on average, 3–4 barrels of water are produced with every barrel of conventional oil extracted . This value depends on several factors including the type, age, and geological features of a formation and may reach up to 10 barrels of water per barrel of oil for aging reservoirs. , The expansion of O&G production from unconventional resources was greatly dependent upon technologies, which utilize large volumes of water such as hydraulic fracturing for O&G extraction from shale plays. − Thus, based on the above estimates, it can be stated that on average O&G companies manage more volumes of water than hydrocarbons on a day-to-day basis making cost-effective water management a necessity for sustainable O&G operations. − …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protocol for Preparing Synthetic Solutions Mimicking Produced Water from Oil and Gas Operations

et al. 2021

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Produced water (PW) is the water associated with hydrocarbons during the extraction of oil and gas (O&G) from either conventional or unconventional resources. Existing efforts to enhance PW management systems include the development of novel membrane materials for oil–water separation. In attempting to evaluate these emerging physical separation technologies, researchers develop various formulations of test solutions aiming to represent actual PW. However, there is no clear scientific guideline published in the literature about how such a recipe should be prepared. This article develops a protocol for preparing synthetic solutions representing the characteristics and behavior of actual PW and enabling the performance comparisons of different oil–water separation membranes at the bench scale level. In this study, two different brine recipes were prepared based on salts present in actual PW, crude oil was used as the hydrocarbon source, and a surfactant was added to disperse the oil into the aqueous phase. The recipe is accessible to the wider scientific community and was proven to be reproduceable, homogenous, stable, and comparable to actual PW field samples through analytical monitoring measurements and bench scale evaluations.

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A liter-scale microbial capacitive deionization system for the treatment of shale gas wastewater

Abstract: A liter-scale system showed real world potential for energy positive wastewater treatment and desalination.

Cited by 10 publications

References 20 publications

Concurrent Nitrogen and Phosphorus Recovery Using Flow-Electrode Capacitive Deionization

Concurrent Nitrogen and Phosphorus Recovery Using Flow-Electrode Capacitive Deionization

Emerging Trends in Biological Treatment of Wastewater From Unconventional Oil and Gas Extraction

Protocol for Preparing Synthetic Solutions Mimicking Produced Water from Oil and Gas Operations

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