Solar-thermal evaporation is a promising technology for energy-efficient desalination, but salt accumulation on solar absorbers and system longevity are major challenges that hinder its widespread application. In this study, we...

Novel antitumor system based on the targeting photothermal and pH-responsive nanocarriers, gold nanoshells coated oleanolic acid liposomes mediating by chitosan (GNOLs), is designed and synthesized for the first time. The GNOLs present spherical and uniform size (172.03 nm) with zeta potential (20.7 ± 0.4 mV), which are more easily accumulated in tumor. Meanwhile, the GNOLs exhibit a slow and controlled release of oleanolic acid at pH 7.4, as well as a rapid release at pH 5.5, which is beneficial for tumor-targeting drug release. Under near infrared (NIR) irradiation, hyperthermia can be generated by activated gold nanoshells to perform photothermal therapy effect, which triggers drug release from the carriers by activating the gel to liquid crystalline phase transition of the liposomes. Moreover, the NIR assisting drug release can be easily and selectively activated locally due to the spatially and real-timely controllable property of light. The experimental results also verify that the GNOLs with NIR irradiation achieve more ideal antitumor effects than other oleanolic acid formulations in vitro and in vivo. Hence, the drug delivery system exhibits a great potential in chemo-photothermal antitumor therapy.

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Four new iridoids, valeriotetrates B and C (1 and 2), 8-methylvalepotriate (3), and 1,5-dihydroxy-3,8-epoxyvalechlorine A (4), together with three known iridoids, were isolated from the roots of Valeriana wallichii. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by analysis of 1D and 2D NMR and HRESIMS data. Compound 4 is an unusual iridoid bearing a C-10 chloro group and an oxo bridge connecting C-3 and C-8, resulting in a rigid skeleton.

This study presents that flow-electrode capacitive deionization (FCDI) can concurrently remove salts and nutrient ions from wastewater effluent and recover them as concentrate efficiently. Compared with complex biological nutrient removal, this electrochemical method utilizes the ionic nature of salts and nutrient species (NH4 +–N, NO3 ––N, PO4 3––P) to enable simple nutrient removal and desalination. The FCDI with separated anode and cathode (FCDI-S) removed 70–98.5% salinity, 49–91% PO4 3––P, 89–99% NH4 +–N, and 83–99% NO3 ––N under the 5–15 wt % electrode loadings. When a reverse potential was applied, more than 80% of the removed nutrient ions were recovered in the concentrate during discharging operation. Furthermore, when connected flow operation (FCDI-C) was implemented that allowed external electrode mixing, more adsorption sites were freed up, which resulted in 43.5 ± 2.2% increase in PO4 3––P removal, 12.3 ± 1.1% increase in NH4 +–N removal, and 9.9 ± 0.3% increase in NO3 ––N removal. This electrochemical method provides a new alternative nutrient removal and recovery solution especially for distributed applications.

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